Spain is a great European country with a Mauritanian accent (part 5)

02 august 2013 Travel time: with 07 May 2013 on 08 May 2013
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Monastery de Piedra - a piece of paradise in Aragon

We continue our journey from the capital of Spain to the capital of Aragon with a visit to the Monastery de la Piedra, a masterpiece of the 12th century. Here, in the bosom of the "reserve of a thousand waterfalls", they make chocolate, collect the honey of wild bees and produce wine according to the recipe of the 12th century. This is a unique place that I didn't know anything about before our trip. The monastery is located in an old castle near the Piedra River and was dedicated to Saint Mary. The name of the monastery is translated as "the monastery of our lady of stone. " Passing through the dull semi-desert lands of Aragon, we were pleasantly surprised to find this piece of paradise, which opened up to us like an oasis in the endless desert.


The history of this monastery, which has its roots in those distant times, is interesting, when in 1194 the king of Aragon, Alfonso, presented the captured Muslim fortress and the land adjacent to it, 120 km west of Zaragoza, to the Cistercian order. 20 monks from Poblet Abbey moved here. In 1195-1218, the Cistercians built a monastery, using for this purpose the stones from which the Moorish fortress and walls were built.

The new buildings became an example of Romanesque-Gothic architecture. The Monastery of Piedra has been active for almost 700 years. However, the brothers left the monastery in 1808, when there was a war with the French, and in 1820-1823, in 1835, the monastery was confiscated in accordance with the decree of Juan Alvarez Mendisabal for sale at auction. In 1840 it passed into private ownership and later turned into a hotel.

We start the tour with a visit to the building of the monastery, the premises of which are typical examples of Cistercian Gothic architecture: strict, simple, but at the same time refined. This architectural ensemble is under the protection of UNESCO. In the Chapter Hall, the brothers gathered daily for prayers, and on Sundays and holidays, new converts and novices came here. Here, when necessary, public absolution was held and decisions affecting the daily life of the monastery and its economy were discussed. In the same room, a new abbot was elected. The path from the Chapter Hall passes by an 18th-century Baroque altarpiece depicting Saint Benedict of Nursia.

The rectangular two-story building housed a barn and a cellar where food was stored, and today houses the Wine Museum.

It tells about the cultivation of grapes, the traditional process of winemaking, the role of wine in the economic life of the abbey and in culture. The exposition presents various documents and photographs, as well as items used by the Cistercian monks in their daily work: agricultural implements, clamps, bags, dishes, wine temperature measuring devices, wooden barrels of the 19th century, presses of the 18th-20th centuries and more.


In 1534, for the first time in the history of Europe, a divine drink, chocolate, was made in the kitchen of the abbey. It now houses the Chocolate Museum. Europe learned about chocolate, the food of the Aztec gods, from a letter from Hernan Cortes dated October 30.1520. Subsequently, cocoa beans brought from America were highly valued and considered a delicacy. The Cistercian monk Jeronimo de Aguilar took part in an expedition to the Gulf of Mexico in 1511. The ship was wrecked off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula.

Aguilar and about 20 other people escaped, but were captured by the Indians, who wanted to sacrifice them. The priest and one of the sailors managed to escape, but they were captured by the warriors of another tribe and made into slaves. In 1519, having landed in Mexico, Hernan Cortes freed the captive Spaniards and Jeronimo de Aguilar became his chief interpreter. There is no information about the last years of his life, but it is known that the Cistercian sent cocoa and a recipe for making chocolate to the abbot of the monastery de Piedra. The brothers of the Convent de Piedra were honored to be the first to make and taste the delicacy.

Food from the kitchen was served in a large refectory with white stucco walls, which acquired this appearance in the 18th century, when the plague threatened the continent. On the right is the pulpit where the monk was located, who read the Bible aloud during the meal.

There was a large U-shaped table in the hall, at the head of which sat the abbot, and then, in order of seniority, the monks were seated.

The heart of any monastery is the church. But at the Abbey de Piedra, the temple lacks a dome, which collapsed some time after being confiscated. The church is built in the form of a Latin cross, has three naves, two transepts and several chapels. It is divided into two parts: for monks and for believers. The main altar combines features of the Romanesque and Gothic styles, but there are also elements of Mudé jar. The chapels located next to the altar or in the central apse were used by the monks for personal prayers. One of the chapels was built in the 18th century in the Baroque style with private donations. The bell tower was built of brick in the Moorish style. In a separate room, the brothers could keep warm during the cold season.


In the monastery of Piedra there is a unique triptych, created in 1390 and combining the features of Gothic and Mudé jar. It was donated to the abbey by the King of Aragon, Martin I the Humane. The triptych measures 395x245 cm and is decorated with gilded wood carvings and paintings on both sides of the wings. The paintings on the left side are dedicated to the history of the Virgin Mary, on the right - to the Passion of Christ. In 1836, after the confiscation of the monastery, the triptych was in the city of Cimballa, and in 1851 it was transferred to the Royal Historical Academy, and then to the monastery de Piedra.

But we got a real delight from visiting the natural park, worthy of comparison with the Garden of Eden. Monasterio de Piedra Park covers a huge area in the Iberian mountains, with numerous rivers and lakes and magnificent waterfalls.

In the park, you can enjoy the beauty of landscapes and the singing of birds, listen to the whisper of water and immerse yourself in a romantic atmosphere familiar to people of the 19th century.

A relatively small area is home to a large number of animal and plant species. There are gorges, caves, lakes, waterfalls, the largest of which reaches a height of 50 meters. The ecosystem of the park is one of the richest in Spain. Trout and crabs are grown in the ponds.

The Monasterio de Piedra complex offers all the amenities for a comfortable stay: an elegant hotel, a restaurant where we had a great lunch of trout caught in the local lake, a spa center and a gift shop with a wide range of products with the symbols of the monastery and locally made chocolate. But the main thing that you take away from here is an incomparable feeling of pleasure from seeing the amazing natural beauty and clean, pure fresh air.

Zaragoza - the heart of Aragon

Zaragoza is a city in the northeast of Spain, the capital of the autonomous region of Aragon, the province of Zaragoza and the district of the same name.

Located in the middle reaches of the Ebro River, about 200 meters above sea level. Zaragoza is home to 680 thousand people (2012) and is the fifth largest city in Spain.


Zaragoza was founded by the Romans on the site of an Iberian settlement in 27 BC. e. The city got its name in honor of Gaius Julius Caesar (in Arabic Saracusta). In 712-713, the city was conquered by the Arabs, became part of the Caliphate of Cordoba and served as a Moorish outpost in the struggle against the Christian kingdoms of northern Spain. After the collapse of the caliphate, Zaragoza became the center of an independent Muslim state, before being conquered in 1118 by King Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre during the Reconquista and subsequently becoming the flourishing capital of his kingdom. By decree of Alfonso I, all the Arabs who inhabited Zaragoza had to leave the city. From the end of the XII century, Zaragoza was the center of Aragon and was one of the political centers of Spain.

This continued until 1384, when Pedro IV broke into the city and annexed it to the possessions of the Habsburg dynasty. The pogroms of 1391 did not affect the Jews of Zaragoza and the city became, under the leadership of the philosopher and rabbi Hasdai Crescas, the center of Jewish life in Spain. In 1492, the final expulsion of Jews and Arabs from Zaragoza took place, which significantly reduced the population of Zaragoza, but, nevertheless, Zaragoza remained one of the largest cities in Spain (in 1548, about 2.000 inhabitants lived here). In the second half of the 20th century, thanks to industrialization and urbanization, the economy of Zaragoza began to develop rapidly. New factories were opened in and around the city, which attracted a new population.

The appearance of Zaragoza was formed over many centuries.

Each of the cultures - Roman, Christian, Arab and Jewish - that once reigned in the city, contributed to the creation, development and formation of the city. Most of the monuments of culture and history are concentrated in the Old City, despite the fact that the city was badly damaged during the wars of independence in the 19th century.

We begin our acquaintance with the sights of the city with the true pearl of Zaragoza - the Aljaferia Palace, built outside the city in the 11th century by Caliph Al-Muktadir as a fortress. This is one of the well-preserved examples of the Moorish style. At first, the fortress served as the residence of Muslims, after the Reconquista it became the palace of the Catholic kings. In 1491, the palace was decorated with a throne room, and during the Inquisition, the sacred court sat in the palace. In the XIX century, Aljaferia suffered from the Napoleonic troops. The oldest part of the fortress, the Troubadour tower, appears in Verdi's opera Il trovatore.


Remaining parts of the defensive fortifications, the Roman theater, the Roman forum, the ancient river fort and public baths remind of the Roman period. The stone bridge across the Ebro River has a long history. Already in the Roman period, a bridge, presumably wooden, was located in its place. The bridge, which has survived to this day, was built in the first half of the 15th century. It is also called Lion's because four lions rise on columns on both sides of the bridge - the symbols of the city. The Ebro River and bridges, along with the buildings of amazing architecture, give the city a unique and refined charm.

One of the main attractions and symbols of the city is the medieval Cathedral of Nuestra Señ ora del Pilar, dedicated to the Virgin Mary and built on the site of the first Christian basilica in the city. Then the Holy Column was erected on this place in honor of January 2.40 BC. e.

when, according to legend, the Holy Virgin visited Zaragoza. In the 8th and 12th centuries, two more churches were built, combining Gothic and Moorish styles. And, finally, in the 17th century, when the cult of the Virgin Pilar reached its highest point, a modern basilica was founded in Zaragoza. Its construction lasted several centuries and was completed only today. The basilica is 130 meters long, 67 meters wide, has 4 towers and 11 domes. The exterior decoration of the dome is made with azulejo tiles. The vaults and domes were painted by Francisco Goya (1746-1828), a native of Fuendetodos near Zaragoza. This is one of the most revered temples in Spain, where every year a celebration is held in honor of the patroness of Spain - the Virgin Pilar.

In the eastern part of the Basilica of Our Lady of Pilar is the main shrine. In 1754, Venture Rodriguez created the Holy Chapel here, a temple within a temple. The statue of the Virgin Pilar, only 39 centimeters high, is made of wood.

She stands on a jasper column. In 1905, she was crowned - the cost of the crown is 450 thousand pesetas (1.750 pounds sterling in 1910 prices).


The main attraction of Zaragoza is Pilar Square, where we continued our acquaintance with the sights of the city. In this place you can see the buildings of all eras and styles that have ever been erected in Zaragoza. First of all, these are the remains of the Roman fortress walls that surrounded Zaragoza; Torreon de la Suda, built in the 15th century on the site of the former palace of the Arab rulers; Cathedral of Nuestra del Pilar; Cathedral of San Salvador, which was also built on the site of an Arab mosque. All of these buildings have recently been restored and are in excellent condition.

If you stand facing the Nuestra del Pilar Cathedral, then on your left hand there will be an interesting fountain with a map of Latin America, built in 1991.

Columbus discovered America on October 12, the same day that Our Lady Pilar is glorified. Therefore, the Virgin Mary Pilar began to be considered the patroness of the Hispanic world. Behind the fountain rises the Church of San Juan. In the Middle Ages, the Church of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem stood on this site. The tower, which is slightly inclined towards the Basilica of Our Lady of Pilar, was built in the 16th century in the Mudé jar style. The baroque church itself was completed by 1725.

On the right side of the Nuestra del Pilar Cathedral is the building of Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza (City Hall of Zaragoza), built in 1965 according to a 1941 project. The facade of the building imitates the Mudé jar and Aragonese Renaissance styles, so it fits perfectly into the ensemble of the square. The walls of the building are modern sculptures. The Stock Exchange, built in 1541-1551 in the Renaissance style with Mudé jar elements, adjoins the City Hall building.


The walls are made of brick, which has been actively used in Zaragoza since the days of Muslim rule and was not considered a "poor" building material, as in many other places. And another noteworthy detail that takes place in Zaragoza are two co-cathedrals: Nuestra del Pilar and the Cathedral of San Salvador (also known as La Seo), which are three minutes walk from each other. Their rector alternately spends half a year in one or another cathedral. Looking at the Cathedral of San Salvador, one can imagine the history of the development of architecture in Zaragoza. It was built on the site of the city mosque and incorporated literally all styles with a clear predominance of the Gothic. There are five naves inside the cathedral, and the central nave is of great height. Outside the cathedral, Romanesque apses have been preserved - these are traces of the old church, which was built at the end of the 12th century. The baroque tower of the cathedral was built in 1686.

On Pilar Square there is a modern monument to the famous painter and engraver Francisco Goya, who was a native of these places and devoted many years of his life to work in Zaragoza.

Due to the fact that the Muslim population of Zaragoza was not as constrained in their actions as in other Spanish cities, their art greatly influenced the appearance of the city. In the architecture of Zaragoza, a synthetic Mudé jar style is noticeable, in which elements of Moorish, Gothic and later Renaissance art are closely intertwined. Both residential and public buildings were built in the Mudé jar style, including many churches (the Church of San Pablo, San Gil, San Miguel, the Church of Magdalena), the fortress tower of la Suda. Some of the Mudé jar style buildings are on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In the Middle Ages, Zaragoza was called the "white city" because of the large number of buildings that were lined with white marble.

Today, the city is dominated by Moorish colors - red and pink, which were actively used by the Arabs in the construction of buildings. Zaragoza boasts a large number of palaces (more than 200) built in different years of the Renaissance. Among them, one should especially pay attention to the palace of the Counts of Arguillo Palacio de los Condes de Argillo and the palace of the Counts of Sastago - Palacio de los Condes de Sastago.

After EXPO-2008, a large complex remained in Zaragoza, where the largest freshwater aquarium in Europe is located, as well as the Luis Bonuel water park.

On the way from Zaragoza to Barcelona, ​ ​ we pass a significant place - from the western hemisphere we enter the "native" eastern one. This place on the road is decorated with the arch of the zero meridian.

Getting to know Catalonia and its capital Barcelona


Catalonia is a historical region and an autonomous community in Spain in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula between the Mediterranean coast and the Pyrenees, divided into 4 provinces: Barcelona, ​ ​ Tarragona, Lleida, Girona. Area - 31.950 km² . The official languages ​ ​ are Catalan, Spanish, Aran (in the Val d'Aran). Catalan is a separate language of the Romance group, it is more closely related to French than to Spanish. The language is widely spoken, used in teaching in schools and universities. More than 7.5 million people live in Catalonia. In addition, the Catalans consider the adjacent regions of France, the so-called, part of the historical territory of Catalonia. Northern Catalonia with its center in the city of Perpignan. Catalonia, which has a historically strong national idea, has the most massive, peaceful separatist movement for the formation of a new state in Europe.

The Catalans had previously achieved autonomy, the official status of the Catalan language, and the recognition of their nation separate from the Spaniards.

In terms of economy, Catalonia is one of the most developed regions of Spain. The population of Catalonia is about 16% of the total population of Spain, but produces 23% of the gross national product. It is an industrial region where industries such as textile, chemical, pharmaceutical and automotive industries are located. The main sector of the economy of the region, which has practically no minerals, is no longer agriculture, it employs only 6% of the population, and industry - 44% of the able-bodied population and the service sector - 50% of the population. Cities in Catalonia have many attractions, very ancient or newly created.

The capital and most beautiful city of Catalonia is Barcelona with a population of 1.8 million.

people is considered the second largest city in Spain, the main economic center of the country and a major Mediterranean port. Founded by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. e. the city in its history was both the capital of the Barcelona county and the kingdom of Aragon. During the XII-XV centuries, Barcelona was the capital of the Catalan Empire, which included part of modern Spain, France, Greece, the Balearic Islands, as well as several Italian islands.

We pass by the Arc de Triomphe, which served as the main entrance to the 1888 World's Fair. The triumphal arch in Barcelona differs from its "sisters" in Paris and Moscow: it consists of red brick. At the very top of the Arc de Triomphe you can see the Spanish coat of arms, and below, on the arcs of the facades of the building, the coats of arms of all the provinces of the state are placed.


Also, the arch is decorated with several original compositions - on the frieze of the facade there is a sculpture called “Barcelona welcomes the nations”, on the reverse side there is a sculpture of Joseph Limon “Reward”, and on the sides of the arch there are sculptural compositions “Allegories of agriculture and industry”, as well as “Trade and art. " Around the arch there is a cascade of fountains, in the design of which the young student Antonio Gaudi participated.

The capital of Catalonia - Barcelona - is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is actually an open-air museum, famous for its architecture and rich cultural heritage. It is not only an important cultural and economic center of Spain, but also one of the leading cities in Europe. Many attractions, unique architecture and history make it popular among tourists.

Its historic center has retained an amazing medieval Gothic style. Antonio Gaudí , the famous architect, a native and true patriot of Barcelona, ​ ​ put his soul into Catalonia. Among his works is the famous Casa Mila, or "House without corners" (inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List).

One of the symbols of the city is the Sagrada Familia (Holy Family) Cathedral, 170 meters high, located in the Eixample district. Its construction was started by Antonio Gaudí in 1883, but has not yet been completed. Gaudi was in no hurry with the construction, he anxiously grew his Temple and always, looking at the sky, said: "My client is in no hurry. "

There are many other creations of the great Gaudi in the city - the Guell Palace and Park, the mansions of Casa Mila, Casa Batllo, Calvet, Figueres, Vicens, graceful lanterns on the Plaza Real and others.

Around the paved square scattered, seemingly by accident, a couple of fountains and a large number of sculptures. In 1991, a monument to Francesco Macia, the former president of the Catalan government, was added to the square's collection of monuments.

From Plaza Catalunya originates the most famous street in Barcelona - La Rambla, along which we continue our journey around the city. La Rambla ("riverbed") is a rather traditional name for Spanish streets, but in Barcelona it is another of the symbols of the city - seven boulevards that differ in name and characteristics, but are certainly full of entertainment venues, cafes and restaurants.


Closer to the center is the Rambla de Canaletes with the famous Canaletes spring - those who have tried its water will definitely return to Barcelona again.

Rambla del Estudis is interesting for its university (Estudi General), Bethlehem Church (Esglesia be Bethlem, 1681), Baroque Mocha Palace (XVIII century), Santa Cruz Hospital (XV-XVI centuries) and bird market. Lined with huge plane trees, the Rambla de les Flores ("Boulevard of Flowers") attracts guests with the Palau de la Virreina Palace (XVIII century), which now houses the Exhibition Center and the municipal department of culture, the beautiful Boquerí a market (Mercat San Josep, 19th century) and the nearby Gran Teatre del Liceu, one of the most magnificent theater halls in the world. On the Rambla de les Capuchines, the College of Saint Bonaventure (XVII century) is interesting, which now houses the Hotel Oriente, the extraordinary Palau Gü ell Palace (1885) and early Gaudí lanterns.

Rambla de Santa Monica - a more modern and wider street, it houses the Augustinian convent of St. Monica (1626 - the oldest building within the Rambla) and the exhibition hall of the Center for the Arts of the same name, as well as the Seurat Museum and the classical Palace of March (XVIII century), where the Department of Culture of the Government of Catalonia is now located.

On Sundays, a market of folk crafts is open here.

At the end of La Rambla on the waterfront of Columbus Square, we are greeted by a 60-meter-high monument to Christopher Columbus, which serves as a reminder that Columbus visited Queen Isabella I and King Ferdinand II in Barcelona. The monument was built for the 1888 World's Fair and is located in the place where Columbus returned from his first trip to America. Columbus is facing the sea, with his arm outstretched to the west.

The most popular is the "Roots" section. It tells about the existence of man in the region, starting from the Paleolithic period, the oldest in the world. Homo erectus was found in the city of Tuattawela. These remains are about 450.000 years old.


The permanent exhibitions of the museum are also interesting: "Birth of a Nation", "Our Sea", "Defeat and Restoration", which tells about the dictatorship of General Francisco Franco (1939-1975), about the period of repression of pro-democrats and left forces. This exhibition also covers the opening of economic borders in 1959, which led to global economic and social changes. Also on the territory of the current museum there are many restaurants.

Behind the building of the Museum of the History of Catalonia, the city marina begins - Barceloneta - widely known for its Joan de Borbo promenade and sea restaurants, noticeable from afar by the two tallest buildings in Spain: the Arts Hotel and the office center, both 154 m high. Port area -Olympic is filled with restaurants, bars and shopping malls, and a little further on begins the new trade and exhibition area Diagonal Mar, built for the 2004 World Exhibition. The many industrial buildings of the old Poble Nou quarter now house some of the city's most famous clubs, galleries and art exhibitions. Barceloneta Beach is located here - one of the 4 main golden sandy beaches of Barcelona with a total length of 4.2 km.

We make a short boat trip around the port waters on a pleasure boat. The walk starts from the pier at the monument to Columbus.

Several companies offer walks lasting from 45 minutes to 2 hours. We will choose the shortest and cheapest option. Barcelona's inner harbor, known as Port Vel, has long since replaced its old piers and warehouses with a modern entertainment area, within which you can find the Maremagnum shopping complex, an IMAX cinema and the largest aquarium in the world, which you visited on a previous trip.

Mount Montjuic is clearly visible from the sea - the second highest (after Tibidabo) of several hills surrounding the city, on top of which the fortress of the same name is located. Opposite the harbor is the tower of Jaume I, the intermediate tower of the cable car from Barceloneta to Montjuic.

We complete our acquaintance with the "marine" Barcelona with a visit to the excellent Maritime Museum, which is housed in the building of the old royal shipyards of Drassanes. These are the largest surviving medieval docks in the world.


They were built in the middle of the 13th century. Among the famous ships built in the docks of Barcelona was the Real, the flagship of the Spanish fleet that defeated the Turks at Lepanto in 1571. Today, a life-size copy of the flagship is the real pride of the museum. The museum also houses maps and drawings from the Middle Ages, including the authentic map of the navigator Amerigo Vespucci (1439), a medieval book of signal codes used throughout the Mediterranean during the rule of Catalonia on the seas.

Lying next to the port, the hill of Montjuic (“mountain of Jupiter”, height 173 m) is the largest green area in Barcelona, ​ ​ u200bu200bthe total area of ​ ​ ​ ​ local gardens is about 300 hectares.

Montjuic is often called Barcelona's Montmartre - there are six museums, several galleries, an amusement park, the Castell de Montjuic fortress (now the Military Museum), the famous architectural open-air museum Poble Espanyol ("Spanish Village", copies of buildings from different regions Spain) and a whole complex of Olympic facilities, including the Lewis Companys Olympic Stadium (“Camp Nou” or “new field”), which can accommodate up to 112 thousand spectators and is the third stadium in the world according to this indicator. The Plaza de Españ a ensemble, built for the World Exhibition of 1929, is considered to be the hallmark of the area.

At the very top of the Temple, the architect built a statue of Jesus Christ, the very end point of which rises at around 575 meters above sea level. Seven-meter Jesus Christ spread his arms over the whole city. You can climb the main tower by a spiral staircase to the crowning sculpture of Christ. The word "Tibidabo" means "to you I give. " This is a quote from the Gospel of Matthew - it was with these words that the devil tempted Jesus Christ. And these events took place (according to local residents) on a mountain in Barcelona. Satan led Christ to the mountain, showed him all the beauties of Spain from the top and said: “I will give you all this (“Tibi dabo”), if, falling on your knees, you bow to me. ”

Not far from the Temple is the Collserola television tower - the tallest building on the Iberian Peninsula, its height is 268 meters. The temple and the tower are visible from anywhere in the capital of Catalonia.


In addition to the Temple of the Sacred Heart, you should also visit the "Amusement Park" on the mountain, which is open until late in the evening. This is the very first amusement park in Spain. Most of the exhibits have been operating since ancient times. There are a lot of old-fashioned rides and carousels, as well as a large Ferris wheel. There is also a toy museum here, as well as beautiful picturesque gardens and forests. The Museum of Mechanical Robots, which occupies a natural observation deck on Mount Tibidabo, is also interesting for its unusualness. The museum is equipped with the latest developments in the technological progress of mankind. A little lower from the Temple is the Cabinet of Experimental Physics and the city astronomical observatory. The Marquis of Alella donated the Observatory to the city in 1904. There are practically no restaurants near the Temple and other attractions of Mount Tibidabo.

Montserrat literally means “jagged mountain” in Catalan, it got its name from the shape of the peaks of the mountain on which it is located (the highest peak is 1236 m). Human fantasy has given individual rocks equally entertaining names: Mummy, Bishop's Belly, Elephant's Trunk, Bernard's Horse. We also decided to visit this wonderful place.

The monastery is located at an altitude of 720 meters above sea level, it was founded in the XI century under the abbot Oliva of Ripoll. By the end of the 11th century, the monastery gained independence from the abbot of Ripoll, having received its own abbot. Over the next century, the monastery actively developed, receiving donations and subsidies. By the end of the 12th century, the monastery received permission to expand to 12 monks and thus receive the status of its own abbey. The next century passed in the struggle for the independence of the monastery from the abbey from Ripoll, which Montserrat received only in 1409 by decision of Pope Benedict XIII.

In 1493, the Catholic king Ferdinand sent 14 monks from Valladolid to the monastery, which meant a new period of Castilian dependence on Montserrat. In the same year, a monk from the Order of Minims Bernat Boyle, a former monk of the monastery of Montserrat, took part in one of the travels of Christoform Columbus to America, which contributed to the development of the cult of the Virgin Mary of Montserrat on this continent. In the 19th century, the monastery experienced a very difficult period during the war with Napoleon, it was set on fire twice in 1811 and 1812, because of which it lost a huge amount of its treasures and relics. The monastery was restored in 1844.

Now the Benedictine monks live in the monastery, and every day, except for July, August and Christmas, they sing the anthem of the monastery. The monastery includes a complex of buildings, including a one-nave basilica, a museum, shops and a hotel.


The faç ade of the monastery overlooks Piazza Santa Maria, it was built in 1900 in the neo-Renaissance style by the brothers Valmitzhana and is decorated with statues of Christ and the apostles. In its place was a Renaissance faç ade, consecrated in 1592. Montserrat was declared a national park in 1987. This is an open-air museum: the sanctuary and the space around it are filled with works of art - sculptures, architectural structures and natural resources.

The main shrine of the monastery is a 95-cm statue of the dark-faced Blessed Virgin Mary, carved from black poplar, in golden robes. For its dark color, it was called the "Black Madonna", and the Catalans affectionately call it La Moreneta (Smuglyanochka). It is located in the altar chapel behind glass. According to legend, the apostle Luke created a small wooden statue of the Virgin Mary, and the apostle Peter brought it to Spain in 50 AD. e.

The Benedictine monks hid the statue from the Moors in a cave on the mountainside (since then the cave has been called Santa Cova - the holy cave). In 1881, the Dark-faced or Black Virgin Mary was proclaimed the patroness of Catalonia. Since then, people come here from all over the world to bow to the miraculous Black Madonna.

There is a cable car to the Montserrat monastery. Since 2003, the rack railway "Cremallera de Montserrat" (kramallera) has been operating - this is such a small "mountain train" of 4 wagons that goes along a single rail in a serpentine uphill. The monastery offers a wonderful view of the mountains.

There are two funiculars on the territory: St. Juan, which allows you to drive through the reserve and enjoy the contemplation of the most beautiful views of the mountain, and the Holy Cave, laid from the monastery to the cave, from where you can admire the Monumental Rosary (prayer path), created by such masters of modernism as Gaudi, Puig and Cadafalch. On the way from the monastery, you can try and buy local cheeses and honey from local residents.

Holidays on the Costa Brava

Catalonia is a paradise for the most demanding vacationers, because here, without exaggeration, there is everything. The Catalan Mediterranean coast, with a total length of 580 km, enjoys a mild Mediterranean climate with moderate and pleasant temperatures all year round. It is in Catalonia that the magnificent and super popular resorts of the Costa Brava, Costa de Maresme, Costa Dorada are located.


Tourism is very developed here - in addition to beautiful beaches, the Catalans offer vacationers a very large number of hotels, clubs, cafes, restaurants, children's attractions, water parks.

We were lucky to have a few days to rest in the city of Lloret de Mar - a popular resort in Catalonia, located 75 kilometers from Barcelona on the Mediterranean coast.

The beaches of Lloret de Mar, and indeed most of the beaches on the Costa Brava, have been awarded the so-called Blue Flag. This

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Монастырь де Пьедра – райский уголок Арагоны
Монастырь де Пьедра
Здание отеля в монастыре де Пьедра
Монастырский музей вина
В парке монастыря де ла Пьедра
Водопад в парке монастыря де ла Пьедра
Озеро в парке монастыря де ла Пьедра
Каньон в парке монастыря де ла Пьедра
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Река Эбро и мосты в Сарагосе
Кафедральный Собор Нуэстра Сеньора дель Пилар в Сарагосе
Святая Капелла и статуя Богородицы Пилар
Фонтан с картой Латинской Америки и церковь Сан-Хуан
Памятник Франсиско Гойе в Сарагосе
Арка нулевого меридиана в Арагоне
Триумфальная арка в Барселоне
Здание в Барселоне
Собор Саграда-Фамилия
На площади Каталонии
Бульвар Ла-Рамбла
На бульваре Ла-Рамбла
Художник на бульваре Ла-Рамбла
Монумент Колумбу
Здание морского порта Барселоны
Набережная Барселоны
Музей истории Каталонии
Торговый комплекс «Маремагнум»
В Морском музее Барселоны
Национальный дворец на горе Монтжуик
Храм Святого Сердца Христова на горе Тибидабо
Монастырь Монсеррат
В монастыре Монсеррат
Панорама с монастыря Монсеррат
Торговля местными сырами и мёдом у монастыря Монсеррат
Пляж города Ллорет-де-Мар
Вид на набережную с окна нашего отеля
«Замок на пляже»
В саду кактусов «Пинья де Роса»
В ботаническом саду «Пинья де Роса»
У входа в бодегу
Собор Сан-Сальвадор в Сарагосе
В парке Гуэля
Вид на гору Монтжуик
Чёрная Мадонна
В тропическом ботаническом саду «Пинья де Роса»
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