Spain - a great European country with a Mauritanian accent (part 2)

22 June 2013 Travel time: with 30 April 2013 on 02 May 2013
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Cantabria - the land of amazingly beautiful mountains and a picturesque sea coast

We are moving to Cantabria, one of the northern provinces of Spain, in which, on an area of ​ ​.5321 sq. km is home to about 560 thousand people. Here, extraordinary landscapes fascinate with their unreality. The Peak of the Three Seas, located in Cantabria, has a curious property: the water flowing from here can with equal probability enter the Atlantic Ocean via the Duero River, the Cantabrian Sea via the Nansa River, or the Mediterranean Sea via the Ebro River. The coastal zone abounds with beautiful bays and picturesque bays, sand dunes and romantic fishing villages, separated from each other by green valleys and hills.

This is how the city of Santander met us - the capital of Cantabria, which is called the "Bride of the Sea".


The city, located on the shores of the Bay of Biscay (Cantabrian Sea) around the bay of the same name, is a large commercial port with a population of 200 thousand people. Santander is famous for its 12 beautiful city beaches and wonderful coastal parks. It became a fashionable resort thanks to the Spanish royal family, who come here on vacation, appreciating its wonderful nature and amazing beaches.

We stop at the Pereda Gardens, a small park named after the Spanish writer José Maria de Pereda. Its total area is 24 thousand square meters. m. The land for this beautiful public place was reclaimed from the sea, and originally there was a port pier. The grand opening of the park took place in 1905. Judging by the variety of plants growing here, Pereda Park can rightfully be called a botanical garden.

There are oaks, magnolias, palms, pines, Indian chestnuts, lindens, boxwoods and apple trees. In the center of the park there is a beautiful monument to Pereda, which is a bronze figure of the writer on a stone pedestal, around which scenes from his most famous works are depicted.

This is a city with an ancient history and architecture: the first mention of it is found in the Roman chronicles of 196 BC. e. According to legend, Santander got its name in honor of St. Emitterius, a Roman legionnaire who converted to Christianity and was executed for his faith by fighting "comrades". Santander, although a city with a rich history, but after a catastrophic fire in 1941, which caused noticeable damage to the city center preserved from the Middle Ages, the entire city center was rebuilt in the so-called neoclassical style. The districts of Santander stretch one after another along the coast.


After the Gardens of Pereda, we continue our acquaintance with the capital of Cantabria, which has many interesting historical and cultural attractions, including the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption, the royal palace of Magdalena, the monastery of St. architecture. We get acquainted and admire the Cathedral of Santander (Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary). The history of the cathedral dates back to the 9th century, when the Abbey of the Holy Bodies was built on the Somorrostro hill, into the church of which the relics of Saints Emeterius and Celedonius, Catholic martyrs, who, according to legend, died for their faith during the persecution of Diocletian, were transferred. The beginning of the construction of the lower church dates back to the 12th century.

In 1131, the abbey church received collegiate status, and after King Alfonso VIII granted Santander fueros (1187), work began on the reconstruction of the church. At the end of the 19th - the middle of the 20th century, the cathedral was repeatedly destroyed: first from the explosion of dynamite on board the ship Cabo Machichaco (1983), then from the fire of 1941, when the temple was so badly damaged that it was restored for almost ten years - from 1942 to 1953 .

Santander Cathedral can be divided into upper and lower sections and a cloister. The lower part is the lower church or crypt, which is a three-nave structure with an apse, 31 meters long and 18 meters wide. The upper part is a three-nave basilica in the Gothic style with numerous chapels. One of the attractions is the portal, decorated with the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Leó n and Castile, which is considered one of the oldest images of this symbol.

I especially remember the cloister - a covered bypass gallery with a fountain in the center, which used to house an orange garden.

But still, the main highlight of this city is its coastal unique nature, and along the beach we head to the La Magdalena peninsula, where the Royal Palace of Magdalena is located freely on the territory of 28 hectares, which is considered the pearl of not only the city and the province, but also the whole of Spain, as well as Parc de la Magdalena, which is no less an attraction.

Walking through such a park, where fresh sea air is miraculously mixed with the unique aroma of various trees, is a pleasure. But an even greater pleasure is to see fur seals swimming in the water here, and penguins, who, apparently, live quite well here, far from their homeland.

In addition to this mini-zoo, I was interested in the exposition of three ships of the famous Cantabrian navigator Vital Alsar and a bathyscaphe.


So, walking through a luxurious park (mini-zoo, maritime museum), we came to the Royal Palace. In terms of architecture, the palace was built in the style of picturesque eclecticism. It harmoniously combines the features of English (the characteristic shape of windows and many chimneys) and French (asymmetric facade, decoration of the main staircase) architecture with typical highland architecture. Take, for example, the design of the main entrance, located on the southern facade of the building and flanked by two towers. It was built in 1913 under King Alfonso XIII as a summer residence.

Other parks and gardens include the Picio Gardens, located in the tourist area of ​ ​ El Sardinero; Doctor Morales Park, popularly called the “Cow Park”, as there is a monument to a cow on its territory; Gonzalez-Mesones Park, named after one of the mayors of Santander. On May 11.2007, the Atlantico de las Llamas park was opened, located behind the Sports Palace. It is noteworthy that the entrance to all museums of the city is free. The main ones are the Museum of Ancient History and Archeology, the Maritime Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts, the Ethnographic Museum of Velarde.

The large area of ​ ​ the Porticade, where the National Bank is located, attracts attention. It is decorated with a monument to Pedro Velarda, a national hero, captain of artillery, one of the leaders of the uprising of the inhabitants of Madrid against the occupation of the city by the troops of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. On holidays, military parades are held here.

It is very difficult to describe the city of Santander in words, you need to see it, breathe in the air of the sea breeze, have breakfast on the hotel veranda, enjoy the greenery and the sun. Everything is beautiful here, from the architecture to the beaches, from the sea breeze to the fabulous Spanish sunset. Not far from Santander, surrounded by the spurs of the Cantabrian mountains, is located the second largest city of Cantabria - Torrelavega. It is known for the annual colorful festival of the Holy Virgin Grande, dedicated to the patroness of the city, which is held in mid-August. Palaces and mansions of the 17th-19th centuries have also been preserved here. And our group stopped to spend the night at the local hotel “Celuisma Torrelavega” ****, in order to continue our journey around Cantabria early in the morning. The hotel is very good, located in a good location, right from the hotel there is an entrance to an excellent supermarket, which has literally everything.


We visit the tiny seaside resort of Comillas (with a population of only 2462 people - 2010.

), famous for its Art Nouveau buildings of the late 19th century, which were commissioned by the Marquis Antonio Ló pez. Having earned a lot of money in Cuba, the Marquis did not forget about his small homeland. He invited famous Catalan modernists to Comillas. A beautiful neo-Gothic palace and a family tomb are being built by Joan Martorell, the building of the Pontifical University is being built by Luis Domenech and Montaner.

Here is one of the most famous architectural structures of the Catalan architect Antonio Gaudí - the El Capriccio mansion. The building has a fabulous look: neo-Gothic style and elements of oriental ornament "arabesque" are mixed in it. The mansion is clad in brick and multicolored ceramic tiles depicting bright yellow sunflowers. Now it houses a restaurant.

Also in Comillas, the Sobrellano Palace, made in the neo-Gothic style, is interesting.

Nearby is the Pantheon of the Marquises of Comillas, this title, coined by King Alfonso XII in 1878, has since been borne by only 4 people.

Another attraction of the city is the Three Trumpets Fountain (Luis Domenech and Montaner).

From almost anywhere in the city, the Pontifical University complex is clearly visible, the entire territory of which is located on the top of a hill and is surrounded by a well-groomed regular garden with plane trees, palm trees and magnolias. The university was originally supposed to be a school for children from poor families and become their hope for a decent life. However, under the influence of the Catholic Church and the heir of the new Marquis of Comillas, Claudio Ló pez Bru, the Pontifical University was built.

An excellent sandy beach stretches along the city coast, where you can have a great rest. This small cute town struck me with an abundance of significant objects in such a small area, which would be enough for a big city.


Northwest of Torrelavega (25 km west of Santander), a few kilometers from the coast is the city of Santillana del Mar. Often it is called the "city of three delusions", because the literal translation of the name is not true: it has never been sacred ("santo"), flat ("lyana") and never located on the seashore ("mar"). The name of the city comes from the name of St. Juliana, whose remains rest in the Romanesque church, which has survived to this day, founded by Augustinian monks in the 12th century. The Church of Santa Juliana is considered one of the largest Romanesque churches on the entire Biscay coast.

In this collegiate church, our attention was primarily drawn to the painted altar of the 17th century, the carved south portal, as well as the tomb of St. Juliana from the early Middle Ages. The galleries of the inner courtyard of the Collegiate are decorated with scenes based on biblical scenes.

In the vicinity of the church, on cobbled streets, there are houses of wealthy families of the 17th century, made in the Renaissance and Baroque styles, with wooden galleries, wrought-iron balconies and family coats of arms on stone facades. The town has preserved many buildings of the XV-XVII centuries, made of golden stone.

Santillana del Mar attracts primarily with its medieval atmosphere. Time seems to have stopped here - cobbled streets, two-story houses with balconies buried in flowers or with hanging green plants-balls.

If you wish, you can bypass the historical part of the town in half an hour, but rarely does anyone manage to do it faster than in half a day. In a small town of just over 4 thousand inhabitants, there are many souvenir shops selling handicrafts and local delicacies.

Someone is window-shopping, others are choosing local cheeses, sausages and sweets for a long time in the shops, savoring real cider in a restaurant or taking a photo session against the backdrop of numerous sights. And the tiny village is simply oversaturated with them.

A hearty lunch was waiting for us in one of the cozy restaurants, which we were happy about, since the nasty rain prevented us from exploring the wonderful town.

Ramon Pelayo Square is surrounded by small palaces of the 14th-17th centuries in the Gothic and Renaissance styles. In one of them, furnished with antique furniture, there is an elite hotel - Parador National Gil Blas.


One of the museums in Santillana is especially popular with tourists. Almost all of them are certainly photographed near its entrance, but few dare to get acquainted with the exposition. The Museum of Torture not only tells the story of the Inquisition, but also presents numerous instruments for torture and execution of those under investigation.

Asturias, together with part of Galicia, was separated into a separate province of the Roman Empire. After the arrival of the Arabs in the VIII century on the peninsula, only in the north, in the mountains of Asturias, a small Visigothic kingdom was preserved. It was from the territory of Asturias that the era of the Reconquista began - the liberation of Spain from Muslim enslavement.

There is one famous shrine in Asturias. It is located in a small village (only 58 people live in it), the name of which is well known to every inhabitant of this Spanish province - Covadonga. In 722, near the village of Covadonga, hidden in the mountains, a detachment of three hundred people, led by the legendary leader Don Pelayo, the future founder of the kingdom of Asturias, marched against the troops of the Emir of Cordoba. Having lured the Arabs into a trap, Pelayo's detachment defeated them in a narrow mountain saddle.

The victory of Pelayo and his allies in this battle marked the beginning of the Reconquista, thanks to which Spain got rid of foreign influence, and Asturias remained in the centuries-old annals of Spain the only unconquered region. For two centuries Asturias was an independent principality. In the 10th century, a new kingdom of Leó n was formed. Under this name, it existed until it entered the Kingdom of Castile in 1230, when Ferdinand III of Castile became the unified king of both kingdoms. The heir to the Spanish crown bears the title of Prince of Asturias.

In the spacious square of Covadonga in 1964, a monument was erected to the legendary military leader and the first king of Asturias, Don Pelayo.

It stands opposite the entrance to the Basilica of Santa Maria Covadonga, built at the beginning of the 20th century. The idea of ​ ​ its creation, which between 1877 and 1901 was brought to life by the architect Federico Aparisi, belongs to Robert Frasinelli.

The basilica belongs to the neo-romantic style and is built entirely of pink limestone.


Nearby is the main square of Covadonga, where administrative buildings, a hotel and souvenir shops are located.

The main place of pilgrimage and the most visited tourist attraction in Asturias is the sacred altar of the Virgin of Cavadonga. The chapel with the image of the virgin and the remains of Pelayo is located in the Santa Cueva cave on a sheer cliff. The winding path leading to it is always filled with groups of pilgrims and tourists. The name "Covadonga" itself comes from the Latin words Cova Domenica, which means the Grotto of the Virgin. The grotto is located a five-minute walk from the basilica. This ordinary, at first glance, cave, to which a long spacious corridor leads, is one of the main shrines of Asturias and the most important spiritual and religious center.

During the reign of the Spanish King Alfonso X the Wise, the remains of Don Pelayo were transferred to the Holy Cave of Covadonga and buried next to the altar of the Holy Virgin Mary. At the end of the 18th century, the following epitaph was carved on a stone in the tomb of Pelayo: "Here lies the holy king Pelayo, who began the restoration of Spain in this wonderful cave. He died in 737, was buried with his wife and sister. "

Pelayo, the first king of Astria, was born around 690. At the age of twenty, he already fought with the Moors in the army of the Visigoth king Roderich. After the Visigothic army was defeated, and Roderic himself was killed, Pelayo retreated into the mountains with a small detachment. It is believed that he took refuge in this very cave. The apparition of the Virgin Pelayo also took place here. She predicted his victory in the decisive battle with the invaders, who outnumbered and outgunned his fighters many times over. The prediction of the Virgin Mary came true.

The battle of Covadonga was won. The dominance of the Moors in northern Spain was ended. Pelayo himself ascended the throne and ruled Asturias for almost two decades. During this time, the borders of his kingdom expanded to include the lands of the Basques in the east, and the territory of Galicia in the west.


On July 22.1918, in honor of the 1200th anniversary of the Battle of Covadonga, Mount Covadonga National Park was formed on the territory of three regions, which became the first national park in Spain. After its expansion in 1995, it was named Picos de Europa National Park.

This is a very beautiful and noisy place: an unstoppable stream with an incredible roar from under the rock, where the Grotto of the Virgin is located, surrounded by evergreen mountains, rushes water.

In the Asturian part of the park are the famous Covadong lakes, which are the common name for the Enol and Ersina lakes.

The serpentine of a narrow road rises straight into the mountains and ends at the shores of lakes. From here you can take a health walk through the green meadows stretching along the emerald waters.

A stream falling from the mountains carries its pure waters into the river, which feeds green meadows with its life-giving water, which do not turn pale even in winter. The climate of Asturias is very different from the climate of the southern part of the country and is more typical for the countries of Northern Europe. Summers here are usually relatively cool, and winters are mild. The warmest month is August when the average temperature rises to 18°C, while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of 8°C. The proximity of the Atlantic Ocean causes frequent rains, including a light transparent “orbayo”, and up to 1800 mm falls here a year, which we, traveling through the northern provinces of Spain, felt every day.

Oviedo - capital of Asturias

We come on an excursion to Oviedo - the administrative center of the autonomous community of Asturias - a large commercial and industrial city with a population of about 230 thousand people.

The legend relates the founding of the city to 761, when two monks - Maximo and Fromestanus - built a small church dedicated to St. Vincent in a convenient place at the foot of the mountains. However, archaeological excavations show that fairly large human settlements existed in this place already in the days of Ancient Rome. Known as a true reserve of pre-Romanesque architecture of the VIII-IX centuries. Until today, 14 ancient churches of the pre-Romanesque era have been preserved in Oviedo and its environs.


The first ruler of the city was the King of Asturias Fruela I the Cruel, as evidenced by the palace and church he built.

Already during the reign of his son, King Alfonso II the Chaste, the capital of Asturias was transferred from Pravia to Oviedo, which became the seat of the royal court. Oviedo also owes its position to the fact that it was through it that the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela passed. At this time, many architectural monuments were built in the city, such as the Church of the Savior, the Cathedral of San Salvador and the Royal Palace, which formed the core of the city and served as its driving force. After the death of King Alfonso III, the residence of the royal court was moved to the city of Leó n, and the life of the city of Oviedo was focused on the religious sphere.

The most striking sight of the city is the majestic medieval square of Alfonso II, which houses the Gothic Cathedral of San Salvador with a monumental bell tower - a symbol of Spanish Christianity with the Pantheon of the Asturian kings and three main relics in the Holy Room: the relics of St. Vincent and two crucifixes donated by Alfonso III - Cruz de los Angeles (Angel Cross) and Cruz de la Victoria (Victory Cross). The first church of the cathedral was built in the 8th century, and on top of it the Gothic cathedral already in 1348. The Cathedral of San Salvador houses the tombs of the Asturian kings and a majestic gilded altar of the 16th century, a masterpiece of the late Gothic era. The pride of the cathedral - Camara Santa - a chapel and a museum at the same time. The chapel contains many works of Asturian art of the 9th century, collected from the first days of the Reconquista.

San Francisco Street leads from the Cathedral to San Francisco Park, and locals, emphasizing the special importance of this place, describe it as follows: the Cathedral is the heart of the city, San Francisco Street is the spine, San Francisco Park is the lungs of the city. It is impossible to think of a more precise description.


All the main buildings and institutions of the city are concentrated around them, in the immediate vicinity is the Palacio Velarde Palace (XVIII century), which houses the Museum of Fine Arts of Asturias. His collection contains paintings by Spanish, including Asturian, artists, for example, a portrait of Charles II by Juano Carrieno de Miranda. There are several outstanding examples of the Flemish school of the 16th century.

It is also worth paying attention to several squares of Oviedo, each with its own history and bright personality. One of the most important is the Constitution Square, located in the old city.

It houses one of the most important buildings of the city - City Hall. It was erected over one of the gates of the ancient medieval wall of Simadeville in 1622, it was expanded in the 18th century, and a tower was added in the 20th century.

But the Fountain Square can be safely called the most beloved and visited by the townspeople. And this is not surprising, as it houses the Central Covered Market, a flower market, a flea market and an antique market. Many souvenir shops attract a large number of tourists, and cafeterias and cidreria (cider is the first treat) located on it are never empty.

The city is literally replete with sights and houses of very beautiful architecture, among which the buildings of "colonial" architecture, borrowed from former colonies in Latin America, stand out.

Other no less interesting sights of Oviedo are the Palace De la Rua in the central square of Alfonso II, the palaces of Toreno and Campo Sagrado in Porlier square, as well as the building of the University of Oviedo, founded in 1608.

Oviedo is a city where thousands of years of history are closely intertwined with modernity. One of the latest notable architectural landmarks is the Palais des Congrè s by renowned Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, opened in May 2011. This grandiose building was erected on the site of the former football stadium "Tartier Oviedo", and covers an area of ​ ​ ​ ​ almost a whole block. The Palace of Congresses has a multidisciplinary purpose. Part of it is reserved for exhibitions and congresses, the other part is a large commercial center with shops, boutiques, cafeterias and eateries. It also houses the Hotel Aire Oviedo.


For me, the “highlight” of the city was the presence of many sculptural compositions from the life of different segments of the population, located throughout the city, such as a fisherman, a milkmaid on Trascorrales Square, where until recently there was a fish market, or a merchant located right in the middle of the market.

Of course, this is not a complete list of all the notable buildings and structures of Oviedo. We didn't get to see much during our short stay in the city. To get to know them better, you need to come here for more than one day and take a walk around this, albeit small, but having so many interesting and original things, full of greenery, fountains, parks, the city.

Modern Oviedo is an industrial and agricultural city with a well-developed heavy, chemical, mining, cement, glass, food, and woodworking industries.

In the vicinity of the city, iron and manganese ores, mercury, copper, and tungsten are mined. The production of technological equipment for the mining and metallurgical industries, as well as weapons production, are well developed.

Among the holidays and festivals in Oviedo, the largest is the festival of San Mateo, which is celebrated in the second half of September and lasts ten days. During the celebration, orange figurines made of bread crumbs are sold on the cathedral square, which are considered an amulet and protect from troubles and misfortunes.

As they say in Oviedo, to be perfect, it lacks only the sea. But then it would be a different city.

Translated automatically from Russian. View original
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Пейзажи Кантабрии
Сантандер – «Невеста моря»
Памятник Переде
Кафедральный собором Сантандера
Клуатр собора
Парк-де-Ла-Магдалена
Мини-зоопарк в Парк-де-Ла-Магдалена
Экспозиция кораблей
Королевский дворец Магдалена
На площади Портикада
Отель
В городке Комильяс
Особняк Эль-Каприччо
Дворец Собрельяно
Фонтан Три трубы
Папский Университет
Церковь Санта-Хулиана в Сантильяна-дель-Мар
Площадь в Сантильяна-дель-Мар
Главная улица Сантильяна-дель-Мар
Такие дома в Сантильяна-дель-Мар
Сувенирный магазин
Отель
Музей пыток
Памятник дону Пелайо в Ковадонге
Базилика Санта Марии в Ковадонге
Главная площадь Ковадонги
Святая Пещера Ковадонги
Алтарь святой Девы Марии в Ковадонге
Водопад у Грота Богородицы
Горная река в Национальном парке Пикос-де-Еуропа
Санта-Мария-дель-Наранко
Церковь Сан-Мигель-де-Лильо
Собор Сан-Сальвадор в Овьедо
В Музее изящных искусств Астурии
Мэрия города Овьедо
Центральный крытый рынок в Овьедо
Здание философского факультета университета
Дворец Конгрессов Сантьяго Калатрава
Скульптурная композиция рыбаку
Скульптурная композиция молочнице
Скульптурная композиция торговкам
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