High Castle
Castle Hill
Ukraine, Lviv
High Castle (Castle Hill) is one of the hills in the city of Lviv, the highest point is 413 m above sea level.
It is located in close proximity to the central (historical) part of the city, in the past surrounded by fortifications. It is located on Mount Zamkovaya (Princes, she is Bidel) in the High Castle park. The name comes from the ancient fortification of Lviv - the High Castle (as opposed to the other - the Low Castle), which existed from the 13th to the 70s. 19th century The high castle has been the most important defensive outpost of the city for centuries.
Like most ancient Russian fortresses, the High Castle consisted of the citadel itself, the roundabout city and the forefront. The fortress, which originally had wooden and earthen fortifications, occupied the top of the Castle Hill. It may have been rebuilt in stone in the late 13th or early 14th centuries. The construction of a stone castle in 1362 is attributed to the Polish king Casimir, who captured Galicia. The castle, which repeated the outlines of the mountain top, acquired the shape of an elongated rectangle in plan with four towers at the corners, of which the highest, western, was sentinel. Inside the castle was divided into two courtyards by the building of the prince's palace. Inside the walls were barracks, ammunition depots; a deep well was carved into the rock. For the first time, the High Castle was taken by storm in 1648 by the Cossacks led by Maxim Krivonos. After 1648, the garrison was withdrawn from it, and in 1672. the Turks occupied it without a fight. At the beginning of the 18th century, the High Castle was captured and severely destroyed by the Swedish troops under the command of Charles XII. After that, the fortress lost its strategic importance. From the second half of the XVIII century. towers and walls are gradually dismantled for building material.
In the 19th century the castle was dismantled. The hill was fortified, trees were planted on the slopes, and in 1835 a park was organized. On the site where the castle stood in 1869-1900, a mound was poured in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Union of Lublin, while filling the hill at the top, the remains of the old fortress were almost completely destroyed. Now there is an observation deck on the mound. Only a fragment of the southern stone wall with loopholes, which protected the entrance to the castle grounds, has survived.
Also, in 1957, a television relay tower was installed on Castle Hill. In 2004-2005, in Lvov, the possibility of recreating the stone structure of the castle on Castle Hill was discussed.