The disappeared city of Chervonograd

Chervonograd in the Ternopil region
Ukraine, Chortkiv
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GPS: 48.8039, 25.5958

The disappeared city of Chervonograd

Chervonograd in the Ternopil region
Ukraine, Chortkiv
Chervonohrad is a disappeared city in the Ternopil region of Ukraine, not far from the village of Nyrkiv, Zalishchitsky district. Located near the river Dzhurin. Also near the city is the Dzhurinsky waterfall.

At the moment, from the buildings on the territory of Chervonograd, the remains of the Chervonograd castle of the 17th century and the Catholic church of the 18th century have been preserved. On a hill near the castle there is an abandoned cemetery with a chapel in which the remains of the Poninsky family were buried.

The name of the city was due to the peculiarities of the soil in the area - the local sandstones give it a red color. Among historians (mainly Polish) there is an opinion that Chervonograd can be associated with the Cherven cities, from which the name of Chervona Rus later came. Soviet and, later, Ukrainian historiography denies this version, believing that the name of Chervona Rus comes from the city of Cherven.
For the first time Chervonograd is mentioned in the chronicles as Castrum rubrum (Red Castle) in the 9th century. Until the 13th century, there was a castle in Chervonograd (most likely a wooden one), mentioned as a subject of disputes between the princes of Kievan Rus. In 1240, Chervonograd, like other cities of Podil, was subjected to the Tatar-Mongol invasion. In 1313, Podillia was captured by the Lithuanian prince Olgerd, and the entire region passed to the Koryatovich brothers. Lithuanians fortify the castle, and in 1331 a Dominican monastery was founded in the city. In 1340 Casimir the Great conquered the city.
In 1434, Chervonograd received the status of a royal city, and in 1448, Magdeburg rights. During this period, trade and crafts developed in the city, Dominicans returned to the city. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Danilovichi, who owned the surrounding lands, erected a castle fortified with ramparts on the site of a wooden fortress. In 1615, a church was erected next to the castle, built at the expense of the Lisetsky couple. In 1621-1672, Chervonograd, together with the surrounding lands, was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. The city fell into decay, and by the time the Ottoman occupation ended, Chervonograd was only a small village.
Until the first partition of Poland in 1771, the Chervonograd castle was the center of the Chervonogrod povet, one of the three povets of the Podolsk voivodeship. After the partition of Poland, the city went to Austria, lost its importance, and became part of the Zalishchitsky district of the Ternopil voivodeship. In 1778, Chervonograd passed into the possession of Prince Karol Poninsky, who bought it from the Austrian government. In 1820, Poninsky erected a magnificent castle-palace designed by the architect Yulian Zakharovich on the remains of a dilapidated castle. The son of Karol Poninsky, Kalist Poninsky continues the construction of the palace, including rebuilding the surviving castle towers, while the remains of the old castle are being dismantled to the ground. Around the new castle-palace is an Italian-style park, decorated with fountains and flower beds. In 1835, for the Poninsky family tomb, Helena Poninsky commissioned a sculpture from the famous sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen in memory of the dead children. Seven years later, in 1842, the master finished the work. Currently, the sculpture is stored in the Lviv Art Gallery.
In 1846, Helena Poninskaya opens a monastery of the Sisters of Mercy in Chervonograd, who were engaged in raising orphans and taking care of the sick. In 1880, the Glossary of the Geographical Kingdom of Poland describes Chervonograd as a city with a population of 465 people, there was a Greek Catholic parish in the city, and a water mill operated. On the border of the 19th and 20th centuries, the city passed into the possession of Princess Maria Lubomirskaya, who became the last owner of Chervonograd. In the early 1940s, about 500 people lived in Chervonograd. On February 2-3, 1945, OUN-UPA fighters entered into battle with Polish self-defense units stationed in the city. As a result of the battle, more than 50 Poles died, the castle received significant damage.
After the war, the city was not restored and disappeared from maps. In the second half of the 20th century, by order of the head of the collective farm in the village of Nyrkiv, located near the ruins of Chervonograd, the palace was partially dismantled for building materials for the construction of a pig farm. In the 1970s, a children's camp "Romashka" was built near the ruins of Chervonograd. In 2003, the construction of a monastery belonging to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church began nearby.

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