Mustafa? Whom? or Atatya? pk; Ghazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha [1] (tour. Mustafa Kemal Atat? rk; 1881 [2] - November 10.1938) - Ottoman and Turkish reformer, politician, statesman and military leader; the first president of the Turkish Republic, the founder of the modern Turkish state. Taking the lead after defeat! (October 1918) of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War, the national revolutionary movement and the war for independence in Antalya, achieved the liquidation of the puppet government of the Sultan and the occupation regime, created a new republican state based on nationalism ("sovereignty of the nation"), carried out a number of serious political , social and cultural reforms such as: liquidation of the Sultanate (November 1.→