Quattro Canti Square
Piazza Vigliena, Quattro Canti, Piazza Vigliena, Quattro Canti
Italy, Palermo
Quattro Canti is the popular name of Piazza Villena, one of the central squares of Palermo.
Piazza Villena is located at the intersection of Corso Vittorio Emanuele and Via Maqueda. The square was formed in 1600, when, at the direction of the Spanish Viceroy Maqueda, a straight street was cut through the maze of streets of old Palermo perpendicular to Cassaro, later named after him. The square is an architectural ensemble in the Sicilian Baroque style, designed in 1609 by Giulio Lasso and completed by 1620 by Giuseppe de Avanzato.
The corners of the four buildings overlooking Piazza Villena are cut off, so that the square has acquired an unusual octagonal shape. All four "corner" facades are made in the same style. The lower tier of the facades is decorated with a fountain in the form of an allegory of one of the four seasons. In the niches of the middle tier, there are statues of the Spanish kings Philip II, Philip III, Philip IV and Emperor Charles V, who also occupied the throne of the Sicilian kingdom. The upper tier is decorated with statues of Saints Agatha, Christina, Ninfa and Oliva, who until the 17th century were revered as patronesses of Palermo, and then became patronesses of the four quarters of Palermo (behind each martyr is “her” quarter).