Montenegro - a Balkan gem

21 June 2012 Travel time: with 17 July 2007 on 22 august 2007
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“At the moment of the birth of our planet,

the most beautiful of the meetings of the earth and

sea ​ ​ occurred in Montenegro ...

When the pearls of nature were sown, a whole handful fell on this land ..."

(Lord Byron)

A very beautiful country, almost all of its territory is under the protection of UNESCO! Here is the cleanest Adriatic coast, beaches with sand and very small pebbles (here they call it "buckwheat"), friendly people. The nature of Montenegro is often compared with the Swiss - the same clear lakes, green mountains, mountain streams with waterfalls and trout, only Swiss beauties cost at least twice as much.

About two capitals

I’ll start the story about one of the youngest states in the world with the capitals: the modern capital of Podgorica and the old capital of Cetinje, since there are only 30 km between them. It is amazing that in this small country with an area of ​ ​ ​ ​.14 thousand square meters. km and a population of 650 thousand people, two capitals.


In accordance with article 7 of the country's constitution, the official capital of Montenegro is the city of Cetinje. However, most government institutions, including the government and the Skupshtina (parliament) and the Supreme Court, are located in Podgorica, which is defined by the Montenegrin constitution as the "main city".

Podgorica is the administrative center of the municipality of the same name, the largest city in Montenegro and its business capital.

Podgorica is located at the confluence of rivers, in a fertile valley, on flat terrain (which is not very typical for Montenegro). The city owes its name to several low hills that rise in its historical center, the largest of which is called Goritsa.

The name Podgorica was first mentioned in 1326 in court documents from the Kotor archive. The city was rich, as trade between Dubrovnik and Serbia was conducted through it, which was very busy in those days.

In 1474, the Turks took possession of Podgorica, they laid its architectural foundation in its present place. In 1878, by decision of the Berlin Congress, the independence of Montenegro was recognized as a sovereign principality, and Podgorica became part of the new country. It was the end of four centuries of Turkish rule and the beginning of a new era in the history of the city and all of Montenegro.

During the Second World War, Podgorica was shelled over 70 times and was completely destroyed. More than 4100 inhabitants died. December 19.1944 the city was liberated. After the liberation, the reconstruction of the city began in the style of Soviet architecture, with faceless "boxes". Most of the buildings on the right bank of the Moraca River were built in this vein. Even in the old part of the city, some areas were built up with such houses.

On July 13.1946, under the new name Titograd (in honor of Marshal Tito), the city became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro.

Since then, the city has completely changed. Modern roads and an airport were built. On April 2.1992, the historical name of Podgorica was returned to the city.


Currently, it is the largest city in the country (170 thousand inhabitants), the main transport hub, economic, administrative and scientific center. The Bar-Belgrade railway passes through Podgorica, as well as highways from the coast to Belgrade and Sarajevo. The international airport connects Montenegro with many European cities (Paris, Zurich, Vienna, Ljubljana, Moscow, Rome, etc. ).

The main cultural and historical monuments are: the excavations of ancient Doklea (there is also a basilica and a church with a shamrock base - VI century); the church of St. George under Mount Goritsa (IX-XI centuries), the old bridge of the Vizier and the Sakhat tower (XVIII century). The Palace of King Nikola (1891) has been preserved from the era of the Petrović -Njegoš dynasty.

Podgorica is not remembered for anything special: the modern look of Podgorica was formed in the 50s of the XX century, since during the Second World War the city was almost destroyed. Only a few historical sights have survived, testifying to the important place of this city in the history of Montenegro, so it is bypassed by excursion routes. I liked that the city is located on the banks of the beautiful mountain river Morac, across which the Millennium Bridge was recently thrown.

Much more memorable and liked Cetinje - a city picturesquely located on a wide Cetinje field framed by picturesque karst mountains, as if the main "royal pearl" of Montenegro lurked in a bizarre sea shell. It is a city at the foot of Mount Lovcen with low buildings and a very high concentration of spirituality.


The emergence of Cetinje was due to the historical, political and economic conditions of the 15th century. The onslaught of the Turkish conquerors forced Ivan Chernojevic, the ruler of Zeta, to move the capital from the fortified city of Zabljak Chernojevic to a new place - in 1475 in Obod, and soon after that to the foot of Mount Lovcen. In 1482, the Chernojevic court was located in the Cetinje Valley, and two years later the Cetinje Monastery was founded, which became the residence of Metropolitan Zeta. So the city was founded, which received its name from the Cetina River flowing through the valley, and became the secular and spiritual center of Montenegro. This is one of the reasons why Cetinje is the official capital of Montenegro, and not Podgorica, which surpasses it in terms of population and economic potential. Because of the heroic resistance to the constant encroachments of the Ottoman Empire, Cetinje was nicknamed "Serbian Sparta".

Here is the Presidential Palace.

The city is still famous for its monastery of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos, which houses a particle of the Holy Cross and the right hand of John the Baptist, who baptized Jesus Christ.

After the First World War, when Montenegro became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Cetinje grew significantly territorially. But when, after the end of World War II, the Parliament of Montenegro moved the capital to Titograd on July 13.1946, the city entered a period of protracted crisis. In 2006, Montenegro regained its independence. From this moment begins a new period in the history of the city.

Herceg Novi - the city of sun and flowers

We are entering the northern part of the country from Croatia. More recently, these were parts of one country called Yugoslavia, and now there is a border and a border post between the countries.

The first city is a very small Igalo, which is considered the largest center of wave therapy and preventive medicine in Europe, where rheumatism and arthritis, osteoporosis and cardiological diseases are successfully treated. It literally merges with the seven-kilometer Seven Danits Boulevard with a variety of restaurants, cafes and shops, connecting Igalo with Herceg Novi, a major tourist center with a population of 42.000. We are staying at a good 4* Sun Resort hotel, consisting of high-rise buildings and small nice bungalows, located on the coast.

In the morning we begin our acquaintance with the city, called the "Botanical Garden of Montenegro" for the abundance and diversity of vegetation.


In a luxurious city park, we are met by about a hundred species of subtropical and tropical plants, as well as many different types of mimosa, in honor of which, at the end of February, seeing off the winter and opening the new season, a festival is held. Herceg Novi is a city of sun and winds. For six centuries, the city of Herceg Novi has been preserved, erected opposite the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the Adriatic Sea, the walls of the fortresses of Mara, the Citadel, Shpanska and the Kanili tower. The city was built from the 14th to the 17th centuries. The walls of the city eventually became covered with exotic plants. For six centuries, sailors brought from distant wanderings seeds and seedlings of various plants.

We visit the old town, located between two fortresses (Spagnola and Citadel) and which is a real treasury of artistic and cultural heritage.

Kotor, Perast, Bay of Kotor and Church of the Virgin on the Reef

The Bay of Kotor is a place of stunning beauty, carefully guarded by the surrounding mountains and hills, an amazing and charming oasis where beautiful oleanders and tender mimosas bloom, kiwi and pomegranates bear fruit and, of course, immutable Mediterranean palm trees and agaves feel like a master.

The Bay of Kotor is a place about which Bernard Shaw wrote to his wife: "Greetings from the most beautiful corner of the whole world. " The Bay of Kotor is the largest and most beautiful fjord that cuts into the land for 28 kilometers. This bay has always been a refuge for sailors, where they hid their ships from the storms and storms of the high seas.

Medieval cities located along the shores of the bay resemble colorful illustrations for fairy tales and legends about brave sailors.

We go on an excursion, which includes a visit to the unique city of Kotor, the old center of which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and the fortress walls rising up excite the imagination ...We visit the Cathedral of St. Tryphon of the XII century, which is a symbol of the city.

From Kotor we move to the city of Perast, literally sandwiched between the mountains and the bay. From the sea you can see a beautiful panorama of Perast with its high bell tower.

Opposite Perast, there are two man-made islands and on a boat we move to the island of Gospa od Shkrpela, where the most beautiful church of “The Virgin on the Reef” is located, with a museum of “sincere gifts”, where everything breathes antiquity, beauty and reverence ...

Another man-made island of St. George, which is private property, is also clearly visible from the island.


After a wonderful excursion, with the greatest pleasure, we rest on the shore of the bay and swim in its warm transparent waters, admiring the stunning landscape again and again.

Moraca monastery

We are heading deep into the continental part of Montenegro to the canyon of the Moraca River. The Moraca Monastery, founded in 1252, is still active, located on the right bank of the Moraca Canyon, on a natural plateau in a picturesque mountainous area. The monastery complex consists of a large cathedral church dedicated to the Assumption of Our Lady, a small church of St. Nicholas and several buildings with monastic cells.

The monastery wall is made of rough stone. The paths are also paved with stone. Characteristic arched gates lead inside. And inside the monastery - a lot of flowers. The appearance of the cathedral is quite simple and even ascetic, but this is more than offset by the interior of the temple, which is richly decorated with frescoes.

Unfortunately, only one fragment remained from the original painting - the rest was lost at a time when the temple was a table without a roof. But even from this fragment one can appreciate the art of artists of the 13th century.

Rest on the Budva Riviera

We drive from Podgorica to the Adriatic coast along the only road, picturesquely winding along mountain serpentines. Then we use the services of the longest tunnel in Montenegro, Sozina, opened in 2005, with a length of 4.189 meters. The tunnel was built in order to shorten the path from Podgorica to the southern part of the coast (Bar, Ulcinj, Budva). Now, in this direction, the tunnel saves about 22 km, and given the high speed of movement, it also saves a lot of time. The old road from Podgorica to the coast, which leads to Petrovac, is maintained in good condition even now. In terms of mileage, the path from Budva to Podgorica is almost the same through the tunnel and through the pass.

But there are more direct and comfortable roads through the tunnel, and a winding serpentine leads through the pass. But it offers beautiful views of both the coast and Skadar Lake.


We leave for the Budva Riviera, meet the Adriatic Sea. We watch at dusk how the mountains burn, or rather the trees in the mountains (for several days on the beach we will watch how the pilots from the planes put out the fires that arose due to a very hot summer). The Budva Riviera, which is very popular, starts in the cozy town of Petrovac and occupies the central part of the Montenegrin coast. This is one of the sunniest places on the Adriatic and in Europe. We stop at the villa "ACD" in the village of Rafailovichi, which is especially popular with tourists as the cradle of comfort, tranquility, magnificent landscapes, as well as active and interesting recreation.

Rafailovici is a small but very picturesque fishing village located on the seashore on the outskirts of the famous resort of Becici (1.5 km). Proximity to the sea, the opportunity to walk along the amazingly beautiful seaside boulevard to Budva - all this attracts vacationers here.

The hotels are located directly on the coast, very cozy and comfortable. Along the beach there are various cafes and restaurants. The most popular among tourists is the sea restaurant "Three Fishermen". Near the resort there are sports complexes, playgrounds and tennis courts where you can practice various sports. We get to the city of Budva by a special tourist road train (2 euros), which makes stops near each hotel. Some of us make a promenade to Budva along the coast.

Budva is the main tourist center of the country.

There is almost everything here: discos, many restaurants and bars, casinos, sports grounds, tennis courts. This place is ideal for lovers of active and fun holidays, life here does not stop for a minute, the streets of the city are never deserted. The city is like a paradise park, which contains various subtropical plants.

The ancient city, with its narrow streets and small squares, numerous cafes, restaurants and shops, is surrounded by fortress walls with city gates towards the sea and coast.

From the Illyrian period, a legend has been preserved that Budva was founded by the Phoenician hero Kadmo, who, after being expelled from Teba, found shelter here with his wife Harmonia. In the period from 1442 to 1797, Budva belonged to the Republic of Venice, and then, with short interruptions, to Austria until 1918, after which it became part of Montenegro.


One of the attractions of old Budva is a stone table and chair, festivals are held there in the summer, and, sitting at this “furniture”, poets read their opuses. In July-August, the ancient fortress Citadel, which is also located in the old city, becomes the stage for performances by theater troupes from Serbia and Montenegro, as well as from other countries. The annual Grad-Theatre festival is also held here.

9 km (or 15 minutes drive) east of Budva is the small island of Sveti Stefan - the largest pearl in the necklace of the Budva Riviera, a visiting card of Montenegro. Built in the 15th century on a rocky island as a refuge for the local population in the face of the Turkish threat, the fortified city was first mentioned in 1442. The settlement was named after the church dedicated to St. Stephen, which is located on the highest point of the cliff. In addition to it, there are two more churches.

Even 50 years ago, there was an ordinary fishing village on a rocky island, with 80 one-story houses and a functioning Orthodox church. In 1957, St. Stephen turned into a hotel town. The unique architecture of St. Stephen has survived to this day - the original appearance of houses, fortress walls and narrow streets. St. Stephen's Island is famous for its extraordinary pebble beach with pink sand. Currently, the resort combines the hotel "Saint Stefan" and the village of St. Stefan, built up with private villas of a high category, the island is connected to the mainland by an isthmus. The expressiveness and originality of the architectural environment emphasize the special beauty and unusual appearance of the island.

It is widely believed by visiting tourists that the island of Sveti Stefan is a copy of Monte Carlo in Montenegro. It has developed because of the high comfort and, accordingly, expensive living in them.

The fabulous island of St. Stephen in Montenegro, in addition to excellent hotels, has a beach that has no equal in either the Adriatic or the Aegean seas. The island is literally immersed in greenery. It is full of stone paths, stairs, tunnels and shady gardens that give the island a special charm.


We begin our acquaintance with the island from the observation deck on the way from Budva, where we take our first pictures of the island. Roofs of red-brown color are connected with the land world by a narrow path - a sandy isthmus, mixed with gray stones and greenery, forming a monolithic whole space. From all sides, the island of Sveti Stefan frames the Adriatic Sea, and it gives greatness to the completeness of the picture.

Many celebrities have visited the resort, including Queen Elizabeth II of England, Queen Christina of the Netherlands, cosmonaut Gagarin, famous actress Marina Vladi, film director Sergei Bondarchuk and many others. Here guests find a unique opportunity for a secluded holiday among fabulous landscapes on a pink beach.

Monastery Ostrog

She went on an excursion to Cetinje and the Ostrog Monastery on her own, using the services of the Herceg Novi - Niksic regular bus, the route of which ran through the Bay of Kotor and the two capitals of the country, Cetinje and Podgorica. I will share my impressions. From the bus station of the city of Herceg Novi, right on schedule, having bought a ticket for 10 euros and boarding an empty large comfortable bus (in addition to me there was another passenger), I went on an excursion covering almost the entire central part of the country.

Before Kotor, a few more passengers sat down with us. At the entrance to the bus, each of them exchanged greetings with the driver Slavko, it is clear that everyone knew and respected each other well. At stations in cities, it is better for transit passengers not to get off the bus or go far from it, because it is impossible to enter the bus station building or leave the city without a ticket indicating this station. At the stations, the driver must mark the route sheet, and the passengers' tickets were checked. Such strict control over compliance with the schedule and transportation of passengers is mandatory for all private carriers. At the same time, a friendly atmosphere reigns between the inspectors and the driver. Seeing me as a foreign tourist, bus passengers ask where I am from and where I am going. They also willingly answer my questions, try to treat me with something. In general, during the entire trip on this and other buses, a friendly atmosphere reigned.


Fortunately, the Montenegrins are Slavs and therefore there were practically no difficulties in communication. From communication with drivers and passengers, my opinion about Montenegrins as hospitable, friendly and very friendly people has strengthened even more, it has allowed me to better know and feel the country and its people.

Now directly about the purposes of trips. I have already talked about the capitals, but I will dwell on visiting the Ostrog Monastery in more detail, since this holy place deserves special attention.

Ostrog Monastery - a functioning Orthodox monastery, carved into the rock high in the mountains at an altitude of 950 m above sea level in the 17th century, is located on the road between the cities of Podgorica - Niksic. It is clearly visible from afar at any time of the day and first attracted my attention during my first trip to the Adriatic coast.

Then, in addition to this monastery carved into the rock, I was also struck in this place by the railway with the passing passenger train "Belgrade - Bar", laid among the steep rocks. These were unforgettable first impressions of this extraordinarily beautiful country, which made me want to definitely visit these places. The last part of the road to the monastery goes in a serpentine and, leaving the bus, then I get on a passenger car of a local “taxi driver” waiting for tourists, who became my guide around the monastery, and also willingly told about the life of local residents. The first impression that a traveler gets is that the monastery is literally hanging in the air. I recall the words of an unknown author:

Like an eagle soaring in the sky

White wings spread wide

Monastery on top of a mountain

A bright symbol of spiritual faith...

The Montenegrin part of the lake with a coastal strip is one of the four national parks of the country. Some representatives of the flora and fauna that live in the lake are found only here, such as the curly pelican and the green frog.

We make a cruise on a boat on Skadar Lake with stops for swimming. On the territory of the fishing village of Karić , surrounded by lush vegetation, a picnic was arranged with traditional Montenegrin dishes, such as fish chorba, smoked carp and, of course, excellent red wine. A pleasant stay in the bosom of a calm and wonderful nature left a good impression.


About the country, its history and people

Slavic tribes - the ancestors of modern Montenegrins - in the 7th century settled a part of the Balkans, which was considered from the 4th century by the Eastern Roman Empire and was then called Dioklea (or Dukla). Ethnically, they were close to the tribes of the Serbs who lived in the region of Raska.

The differences were explained by isolation (associated with natural conditions) and orientation towards cattle breeding (in contrast to Serb farmers). In the 9th century, the inhabitants of Dukla (called Zeta in the 12th century), together with the inhabitants of Raska, adopted Christianity from Byzantium, and with it the Cyrillic alphabet. In the XI century, the territory of Montenegro fell under the rule of Byzantium, but soon not only freed itself from vassalage, but also significantly expanded its territory. In the 13th century, Montenegro was part of Serbia, and in the 14th century it became an independent state, and the first mention of the ethnonym "Montenegrins" (self-name - tsrnogortsy) dates back to the end of the century. Even when most of the Serbian territory was conquered by the Turks (1389), the Montenegrins managed to defend their independence for another century. Even when the resistance was broken, the Turks were never able to assert their power.

, when Montenegro was captured by the Italian fascists, the “governorship of Montenegro” was created on its territory. After liberation from the invaders in 1944 and the proclamation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1945, it became one of its 6 republics and occupied 13.5% of the total area of ​ ​ the state. During the 1991-1995 war, the Montenegrins fought alongside the Serbs against their Croat neighbors. After the military surrender, they formed a separate State Community of Serbia and Montenegro with the Serbs, and on June 3.2006, Montenegro declared its independence.


Montenegro (or Montenegro) is a beautiful, comfortable, cheap country that you liked at first sight, will forever be remembered as a country with magically beautiful nature, with a warm gentle sea and impregnable mountains, with ancient cities with unforgettable architecture, with a friendly and proud people.

Sociability, humor, hospitality, honesty, consciousness of high national dignity, devotion to traditions remain the distinctive features of the national character. The country is very close to us with a single Orthodox religion and a similar language, so it is easy for us to communicate and understand each other. In this small country, you can have a great rest, just relaxing on the beach or spend your vacation actively, rafting along the canyon of the Tara River, and there is something to see.

Translated automatically from Russian. View original
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Боко-Которская бухта
Старая столица Цетине
Монастырь в Цетине
В г. Будва
Наша вилла в Рафаиловичах
Курорт Рафаиловичи
Монастырь Морача
На побережье Боко-Которской бухты
В г. Котор
Госпа од Шкрпела и церковь “Богородицы на рифе”
Вид на остров Святого Джорджа
г. Пераст
В старом городе Герцег-Нови
На границе с Хорватией
Жилые дома в Герцег-Нови
г. Пераст
В г. Будва
Будванская крепость
Монастырь в скале (Острог)
В монастыре Острог
Вид с монастыря Острог
Наш отель «Sun Resort» в Герцег-Нови
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