Greece is a country chosen by the Gods. Part 5. Macedonia and Thessaly

20 December 2014 Travel time: with 17 September 2013 on 27 September 2013
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Thessaly and Central Greece are an open book of the ages

We continue our acquaintance with Greece in the historical and geographical area of ​ ​ Thessaly, which due to its geographical location - in the heart of Greece - from antiquity to the present plays an important role in the historical events of the country. It is characterized by endless plains, and breathtaking mountain landscapes of Mount Olympus, and striking the majesty of Meteora, Mount Pilio - the legends of mythical centaurs and the river Pinio, sung in folk tales. The location of Thessaly on the sea routes is not the most favorable and its inhabitants did not excel in navigation. Modern Thessaly is the largest agricultural area, the main breadbasket of Greece. It is also known for its many resorts and beaches, which are visited by vacationers from all over Europe.

But its main value lies in the historical and cultural heritage and traces of ancient antiquities attract many people here.


We drive to the city of Kalambaka, which is located on the western edge of the Thessalian plain. Our attention is drawn to a huge mountain ridge, resembling an impregnable defensive wall. But these are not the usual man-made walls of the fortress, but the natural mountains of Meteora.

Quickly located at the Rex Hotel, located in the heart of the city, we hurry to get to know the city.

We go along the main street, which runs parallel to the mountain ridge. Neat and bright low-rise buildings stand on both sides of the street. In the beautiful squares there are fountains and a waterfall, lots of greenery, crystal clear air.

The city falls in love with itself from the first minutes. Kalambaka, known in Byzantine times as Stagi, a small, cozy town of 12.000 people, is a starting point for visiting the Meteora Mountains.

Immediately after Kalambaka, two or three kilometers to the north rise the cliffs, on top of which are the Orthodox monasteries of Meteora. On the way to the monasteries we pass another nice town Kastraki, which is located just behind Kalambaka. And we drive to Meteora - one of the largest monastic complexes in Greece, located in the northwestern part of the Thessalian plain, where the majestic cliffs of Hassi intersect with the Pindus mountain range, forming the most beautiful mountain landscape, which is admired not only by many tourists. . and the locals themselves. The rocks, formed more than 60 million years ago, reach a height of 600 meters above sea level and are a rare geological phenomenon. As a result of the influence of water, wind and temperature changes were born massive, as if stone pillars hanging in the air, were called Meteors - "hovering in the air. "


Many people mistakenly believe that "meteors" are rocky mountains, which the Greeks simply gave such a name. In fact, Meteora is an Orthodox monastery, built on the flat edges of high steep cliffs and majestically facing the sky. The amazing wonder of nature - giant stalagmite rocks - appeared as a gift to monks who seek to draw closer to God. They stand as if on the palms of the ancient Greek gods, who lowered their hands from heaven so that the monks could build their cells right in their hands. This place seems to be created for the fullness of the harmony of mind and body.

As early as the ninth century, these rocks became a refuge for itinerant monks, and the monasteries of Meteor began to appear in these places in the early fourteenth century. How the hermits managed to build at such a height remains a mystery.

It is rumored that it took twenty years just to raise stones on a rock to build a monastery.

24 monasteries were built on the tops of the rocks, but now there are only 6, two of which are for women.

Meteors - the calling card of Greece, in 1988 the complex was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Today, a serpentine path has been laid to each monastery, which was not the case at the time of their construction. But the old way of delivering the necessary things and products through nets (now - trailers), which rise on ropes from bottom to top and back, has been preserved. The territory of the monastery is very beautiful, in addition, the view from a height of other monasteries and rocks is breathtaking. Monks are engaged in beekeeping, make various oils. Since then, desert monks have not left the local lands. Here is their sanctuary, their home, their special world, which is incomprehensible to ordinary people.

Being at the foot of the Meteor, you begin to rethink the universe itself and feel the spirituality and tranquility that prevails here.

Meteors are a stronghold of the Orthodox faith and it is here, in places far from the eyes of others, spend their lives people who have sacrificed earthly life, in the name of alienated and spiritual life.

Rising closer to the skies, we explore and photograph the fantastic landscapes around the Meteor monasteries - undoubtedly one of the most fascinating places in the world. Surprise and admiration are the two main emotions you feel when you are in Meteors. The high vertical cliffs that rise in the middle of the Thessalian Valley resemble the fingers of unknown giants hidden underground.

The tour included a visit to any two monasteries, ready to receive visitors at the moment.


The monasteries live their lives and the monks have some time for daily prayers and liturgies and at this time the monasteries are closed to visitors.

We first approached the monastery of St. Barlaam, founded opposite the Great Meteora by the ascetic Barlaam in the 14th century and restored in the Agiorite style in 1545. Without going inside, we walked around its territory a bit.

Then we visited the nunnery "Rusanu" or St. Barbara, climbing up the numerous stairs. The monastery was first built in the XIV-XV centuries and in 1527-1529 on the initiative of the brothers Joseph and Maxim of Ioannina was built a new main church.

The wall frescoes of St. Barbara's Church were made in 1560 - one of the best examples of the flourishing of the "Cretan school". In combination with the painting of other meteoric monasteries, they outlined a new stage in the development of religious painting in Greece in the XVI century.

Existing Orthodox monasteries are of significant artistic value, being real museums.

At this time there were many visitors and the monastery was perceived by us more as a museum than a holy place, and the nuns as its workers. We were in September, it was very warm, summer is very hot and this tour will bring more trials than pleasures. We are pleased to note that the territory of the nunnery "Rusanu" is immersed in greenery and looks like a well-groomed garden.

The next monastery we visited was the most secluded monastery of St. Nicholas Anapavsas, where only two monks live, located near the picturesque village of Kastraki. To visit the monastery of St. Nicholas Anapausas, we had to first climb the hill 143 steps to the foot of the temple rock, and then 85 steps carved into the rock.

Apart from our small group, there were no other tourists, and we fully felt isolated from the worries of the world and the special sanctity of this place.


This monastery was founded in the XIV century, but was restored around 1500. Its main church, a simple domed temple, preserves inside the glorious frescoes of the Cretan artist Theophanes Strelitz Buff (1527). The paintings of the small church of St. Nicholas Anapavsas in Meteora laid the foundations of the "Cretan School", which was an expression of outstanding Orthodox artistic inspiration during the Turkish rule.

The monastery has a small shop where you can buy wine and honey made by monks with the addition of resin, as well as Orthodox relics. At the very top of the monastery is a bell tower.

At the end of the tour we were taken to the icon factory, where other souvenirs are sold.

A visit to the factory was the logical conclusion of the visit to Meteor.

We were shown and told about the main stages of making icons, as well as unobtrusively offered to buy icons that you like, the choice of which was quite wide. In addition, a lottery was drawn among the icons purchased, and several people became owners of additional icons.

After visiting Meteor and the icon factory, another pleasant event awaited us - dinner at the national restaurant in Kalambaka, where we had the opportunity to taste national dishes and taste the wine "Recina" from Savatiano grapes, which is produced in Greece for over 2700 years, with original . taste with a spicy note of pine resin and balm shades in the aroma.

The dinner was fun to the accompaniment of a traditional Greek ensemble with songs and dances, with a master class for those wishing to learn to dance the national dance "Sirtaki".

In the morning they continued their acquaintance with the Thessalian plain, framed by mountain ranges. There is only one way out of it - through the Fermopil gorge - a narrow passage between Thessaly and Locrida. It went down in history thanks to the famous Battle of Thermopolis and the feat of 300 Spartans who died on this earth. We visited this place and admired the beautiful nature of this region. As we approached this sacred place for every Hellen, we watched the film "300 Spartans", and then heard from the guide fascinating stories and legends about the great Sparta, the Persian invasion of Greece, the strategy of fighting in a narrow gorge 60 steps wide and about , which meant in ancient times true courage and love for the motherland.

And, of course, saw a monument to King Leonid and the Spartans.


We make a short stop at the house of one of the thermal springs of Thessaly. It is nice to bathe in hot healing waters surrounded by lush palm trees.

Greece is unthinkable without ruins, so we head to Central Greece, where Delphi is located - one of the most famous and most popular archaeological sites in Greece after the Acropolis.

Delphi, located just 180 km from Athens, for the ancient Greeks was literally the center of the world. According to mythology, Zeus released two eagles from opposite ends of the earth, and they met in the sky above Delphi. Piercing each other with their beaks, they fell to the ground in the heart of the world. This meeting marked the presence of the Navel of the Earth, guarded by two Gorgons.

During the tour we learned how to prepare for the meeting with the oracle - the soothsayer at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi.

We end our acquaintance with ancient Delphi by visiting the Archaeological Museum, which preserves a rich collection of ancient artifacts found as a result of large-scale excavations in the late nineteenth century.

Among them are sculptures, statuettes, jewelry, as well as pottery and household items of the ancient Greeks, as well as magnificent figures of Kuros (statues of young athletes) VI century. BC is.

Travel through Greek Macedonia

On the way back to our great trip to Greece, we visited the famous mountain range - Olympus, located in northeastern Thessaly, which in ancient times served as a natural border between Greece and Macedonia. According to myths, the gods lived there. The height of this mountain range reaches 2917 meters.

It is the massif that causes all the confusion, as Mitikas is often called the highest mountain in Greece, but it is not a mountain in itself, but only one of the peaks of the Olympic mountain range. Its height reaches 2917 meters, the next highest peaks are Scolio 2912 meters high and Stephanie 2905 meters. Mount Olympus is not one peak and not two peaks, it is about 50 peaks, the height of which ranges from 760 to 2917 meters.


Here you can appreciate the amazing beauty of Greek nature, the height of the rocks, the greenery of the forests, the transparency of the sky and the healing properties of the air.

Thessaloniki - "bride of the north"

Our grand tour of Greece is coming to an end. We arrived in Thessaloniki - the capital of Macedonia, which for us became the first and last city from which our acquaintance with Greece began. Thessaloniki is the second largest city in Greece with a population of over 1.2 million.

man, and the first, which strangely traces the connection of times in Greece: the ancient period, the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire, modern Greece. The history of Thessaloniki dates back to 315 BC. BC, when it was founded by King Cassander - an ally and friend of Alexander the Great. Cassander founded and named the new city in honor of his wife and half-sister Alexander - Thessalonica.

But life and culture originated in this place much earlier, as evidenced by numerous archeological excavations, during which traces of Neanderthals were found, which are considered to be the oldest on the entire European continent.

The main attraction of the city and its symbol is the White Tower. This 27 m high fortress was built by the Turks in 1430. At first it was used as a fort, and then - as a prison and a place of mass executions, for which it was popularly called the "Bloody Tower".

Only in 1912, after the declaration of independence of Macedonia, the tower was whitewashed and regained its current name. This became a symbolic gesture, meaning "cleansing" of the tower and the city. Now the Tower houses the Byzantine Museum with objects and paintings depicting the times of the Byzantine era.

Next to the White Tower are two monuments: to the father and son who glorified Macedonia.

These are King Philip II and his son Alexander the Great - great conquerors.


Rich history, wonderful climate and the most beautiful architecture are the main advantages of this city. Due to its geographical location, during the Byzantine Empire, Thessaloniki was considered the most important port that connected the Balkan Peninsula with the islands of the Aegean Sea. Currently, the port of Thessaloniki - the second largest cargo in Greece, second only to the port of Piraeus, it plays an important role in city life.

And all the people, especially young people, spend time with a glass of frappe in taverns and other establishments. Everyone is discussing something and it is not very noticeable that they are worried about the crisis, and they want to work harder to avoid it. The Greeks are accustomed and know how to enjoy life, work for them as an inevitable need and their attitude to life is carefree and philosophical.

They are on strike against the reduction of social benefits and do not want to live differently. The unemployment rate is high, but people of non-Greek origin work in unpresentable jobs.

A bronze monument to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle is located on the square (essentially the boulevard). There is a legend: if you hold on to the big toe of his left foot, you will become wiser. Those who want to become smarter at least spare, and the finger is polished to a shine. Not far from Aristotle Square is Aristotle University.

Aristotle was once the tutor of Alexander the Great, and now his name is the second most important university in Greece. Sometimes it seems that in the city, except for students, no one lives, and the many colorful cafes on the waterfront are packed with them at any time of day. The square is decorated with a huge flower clock.

Getting acquainted with the city, we pass the Roman agora with a small amphitheater.

Unfortunately, you can only look through the fence, the entrance is closed.

We approach such monuments of the city - the Arc de Triomphe with relief images of grand battles and the tomb of the Gallery, preserved from the Roman period. The arch is called triumphant because it was built in honor of the victory over the Sassanid kingdom by order of Emperor Galerius around the end of the III - beginning of the IV centuries. The arch was connected by galleries to the mausoleum and the palace, built of brick at that time.


Scenes of the emperor's victorious military campaign are depicted on the stone bas-reliefs of the column of the central arch. These bas-reliefs are arranged in four tiers.

Next to the Arc de Triomphe is the Rotunda of the city of Thessaloniki or, as it is called, the Rotunda of St. George, built during the reign of Caesar Gallery - about 306 AD. is.

- as a temple dedicated to Zeus, according to other versions - as a temple in honor of the deities of the Kabirs, and according to some assumptions - as a mausoleum of the Gallery itself. The mausoleum never became a tomb Gallery: in the V century it was converted into a Christian church of St. George. The Rotunda is located on the historic Egnatia Highway, which connects the Arc de Triomphe Gallery, also known as the Chamber, with the palace complex to the south. In 1590-1591, the Rotunda was transformed into the mosque of Sheikh Suleiman Hortaji Effendi, who named it after him.

A minaret has been added to it, which has survived to the present day and is the only minaret in Thessaloniki left after the demolition of the city's minarets in the 1920s. The sheikh's tomb is located in the eastern part of the monument. In 1912, after the liberation of Thessaloniki from the Turks, the Rotunda was given to Christians for worship.

The port city is spread out on the shores of the Aegean Sea, because the city's buildings are low-rise due to high seismicity and it grows only wide.

From the height of the fortress you can see a magnificent temple. "The Golden Gate of Christianity" - so called the Apostle Paul of Thessaloniki. It was this city that the Apostle chose in the year 50, the place where he built the first temple and where he began to preach a new religion.


It was during this period that the assimilation of the Turkish and Greek peoples took place. Therefore, many Greeks live in Turkey, and in Greece live a large number of people from the shores of the Bosphorus. The first President of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, was born in 1881 in the Khojakasim district of the then Ottoman city of Thessaloniki. On March 13.1893, according to his aspirations, he entered the preparatory military school in Thessaloniki, where his mathematics teacher gave him a second name, Kemal ("perfection").

In August 2013, after two years of restoration work in Thessaloniki, the house-museum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who was born in Thessaloniki, was opened for visitors. Until recently, this building housed the Turkish consulate.

"Greece has everything" - this expression of A. Chekhov finds clear confirmation in Thessaloniki.

The northern capital of Greece harmoniously combines ancient asceticism, Byzantine scale, Turkish luxury and the energy of a university city.

In the area of ​ ​ Thessaloniki and in the neighboring rural areas of Macedonia since the end of the VIII century (Great Migration) formed a significant community of so-called Thessaloniki Slavs or Macedonian Slavs, who are close to modern Bulgarians and Macedonians. According to the 1951 census, more than 41.000 South Slavic speakers lived in the entire region of Macedonia and mainly in the western nomes - Florina and Kastoria.

In shape, the island resembles a trident, which is an essential attribute of one of the gods of ancient Greek mythology - Poseidon.

According to one legend, dissatisfied with the adultery of the titans Sithon and Athos over the beautiful mermaid Palina, the formidable Poseidon threw his trident into the sea, forever leaving traces of his wrath in the Aegean, like the islands of Cassandra, Sithonia and Athos. Thus, the island of Halkidiki was formed on the nautical chart of the world. Halkidiki covers an area of ​ ​.3 thousand square meters. km. The population is 105.000.

We set off from Ouranopolis for a sea cruise on a sightseeing boat along the west coast to the peninsula of Agion Oros (Holy Mount Athos), where the world's only Orthodox monastic state is located.

This walk is the only opportunity for women to approach the lands of St. Athos, where "avaton" has been operating for centuries - a law that prohibits all females from appearing there.


Even from a distance of a sea excursion, the Holy Mountain makes a great impression. Monasteries resemble not so much religious buildings as a complex of fortifications. The guide explained that every day, along with pilgrims, ordinary Greek workers come to the peninsula to help keep the monasteries in "working" condition. It is obvious that fifty inhabitants of each monastery are unable to maintain such a large complex. World-famous restorers also work here, as UNESCO has recognized Athos as a World Heritage Site, and the European Union has granted a similar status to the Holy Mountain.

It is not known when the legend originated in the Christian world that the foot of the Virgin Mary set foot on the land of the Athos Peninsula, and the Mother of God, enchanted by the beauty and favorable climate of this place, decided to choose it as her earthly refuge.

But already in the III-IV centuries on Mount Athos began to settle Christian monks, mostly ascetics, who lived in caves and tortured themselves with hunger, torture and endless prayers. In the ninth century, there were those who sought to settle on the peninsula, which due to the first suffering acquired a halo of holiness and the status of a monastery. The protesters were against, but they listened. Our tour continues, we sail past another monastery - Xenophon.

The first on the island of Athos (Athos) was the monastery of the Great Lavra, founded in 963. He still remains in charge of Athos. During the heyday of Constantinople and Mount Athos itself, there were 180 monasteries on the peninsula with a total of up to 300.000 monks.

This monastic kingdom had its best and worst times. Pirates often attacked from the sea, taking away the accumulated monastery treasures.

Their monasteries have priceless manuscripts and icons, relics and relics of saints, including some of the relics of John the Baptist, the incorruptible remains of Mary Magdalene, and even a fragment of the cross on which Jesus was crucified. Of the two dozen active monasteries, 17 are Greek, one each is Serbian, Bulgarian, and Russian.

We sail past the monastery of the Holy Great Martyr Panteleimon, located on the seashore between the monasteries of Xenophon and Xyropotam. This monastery on Mount Athos is also called the Russian, St. Panteleimon Monastery, Kinovia Kallimahov or simply Rusik. Now Russik has become a small functioning city, and the first monks from Kievan Rus appeared on Mount Athos under the co-apostolic Prince of Kiev Vladimir.


The Russian monastery, home to the present-day Russian monastery of St. Panteleimon the Great Martyr, was founded in the late 18th century.

During the heyday of the monastery of Panteleimon, it housed three thousand monks, now - no more than 45. Since 1875, the service in the church is conducted in Greek and Slavic languages. The monastery preserves the Holy Cross, as well as the relics of St. John the Baptist, the head of the holy martyr Panteleimon, the holy apostles Peter, Luke, Andrew, Matthew, Thomas, Bartholomew, Barnabas, St. Prochorus, St. Stephen the First Martyr, St. Gregory Palamas.

According to the Greek Constitution, Mount Athos is an autonomy with broad powers. The administration liaises with the Greek state through the Greek Foreign Ministry.

This only monastic republic in the world is under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Istanbul, but has virtually full administrative independence from the throne of Constantinople and retains internal independence.

The authorities of Constantinople on the peninsula are represented by the vicar bishop, and the official Athens - the special representative of the Hellenic Republic. As a formal part of Greece, the Holy Mountain belongs to the European Union and uses the single European currency, the euro. But in general Athos ignores European legislation. The supreme self-governing body of the monastic republic is the Holy Synod. Elections of members of this parliament are held annually. Each monastery delegates four deputies to the synod. The abbots of monasteries are elected for life by the monks themselves. The role of the "speaker of parliament" and his deputies is carried out according to the principles of rotation of the head of the five leading monasteries.

The "deputies" and "ministers" of the Holy Mountain have been in power for only a year, so as not to become corrupt.

Athos autonomy has a clear line of land border with Greece, its own postal and customs services.


Even his own calendar - Julian, which is used in official documents. And a special time, which is called Old Constantinople and three hours ahead of Athens. The monastic republic does not have a land route to Greece - all contacts are by sea. From the port of the Greek resort town of Ouranopolis, located closer to the Holy Mountain, one ship leaves every morning with pilgrims and goods needed for Mount Athos. The ship docks in the only "international" port on Daphne. Here is the customs service and hotel. Pilgrims can stay in it, go to one of the monasteries or to the "capital" of the Holy Mountain - a city called Caries.

Cahors from the Russian monastery of St. Panteleimon can be purchased in Greek supermarkets for 8 euros.

The same is the price of white wine from Athos without the indication of the monastery-producer on the label. If we mention the drawing of icons, souvenirs, and other secular crafts, we make reasonable

Translated automatically from Ukrainian. View original
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Таким нас встречает город Каламбака
Наш отель «Rex»
Фонтаны и водопады в красивых скверах города
Один из фонтанов города
Один из фонтанов города
Метеоры - один из крупнейших монастырских комплексов в Греции
Один из 24 монастырей, расположенных на вершинах скал
Монастырь в Метеорах
Монастырь Святого Варлаама
Женский монастырь «Русану» или Святой Варвары
Роспись в женском монастыре «Русану»
В женском монастыре «Русану»
По пути к монастырю Святого Николая Анапавсаса
Мужской монастырь Святого Николая Анапавсаса
В монастыре Святого Николая Анапавсаса
Колокольня монастыря Святого Николая Анапавсаса
Фабрика по изготовлению икон возле Метеор
Ужин в национальном ресторане в Каламбаке
Фессалийская равнина
Памятник царю Леониду и спартанцам
Приятно искупаться в горячих живительных водах  одного из термальных источников Фессалии
в окружении пышных пальм
Дельфы
«Пуп Земли»
Дельфы - один из самых красивейших памятников Древней Греции.
Сокровищница сифносцев
Театр под открытым небом в Дельфах
Экспонат археологического музея в Дельфах
Олимп
Главная площадь Литохоро
Церковь Святого Николая Чудотворца
Уютная таверна в Литохоро
Вид с Литохоро на Олимп
Белая башня в Салониках
Памятник царю Филиппу II
Памятник его сыну Александру Македонскому
Набережная Леофорос-Никис
Площадь Аристотеля
Памятник древнегреческому философу Аристотелю
Площадь Аристотеля украшают огромные цветочные часы
Раскопки римской агоры с небольшим амфитеатром
Триумфальная арка
Ротонда города Салоники
Башня Тригонион
Вид Салоник с башни Тригонион
Одна из церквей Салоник
Базилика Святого Димитрия
Крипта базилики Святого Димитрия
Могила митрополита Салоник
Город Уранополис
Морская экскурсия к святой горе Афон
Монастырь Ксенофонта
Берега монашеской республики
Монастырь святого великомученика Пантелеймона
Один из монастырей Афона
Купание в тёплых водах Эгейского моря в Халкидики
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