City of holiday and light (part 2)
Start here:
Part 1. Two godparents and the first acquaintance with Lyon < / strong>
Day 2. Fog, Fourviere and Old Lyon
The morning seemed foggy. It seemed that the sun was dissolving somewhere along the way, not reaching the ground.
To understand any city, region or country, you need to look at their history. What important things do we need to know about Lyon ?
In the I-III centuries BC. At the confluence of the Rhone and Saone rivers, the Gallic tribes established the first trading settlement. According to legend, at the time of laying the foundation suddenly came a flock of crows. Therefore, it was decided to call the city "crow mountain" or "crow mountain" - Lugdunum (Lugdunum).
In 43 BC. Roman consul Lucius Munatius Planck conquers and expands the ancient city. Lyon becomes the capital of Gaul. Then there was the invasion of the barbarians, the period of the Kingdom of Burgundy and the transition to Frankish rule.
In the 12th century, Lyon and its environs went to the German Empire. Emperor Frederick Barbarossa gives the Archbishop of Lyons full control of the city. The church gained power over justice, control over observance of customs, collection of tolls through the city, the right to mint coins and collect troops.
After a long confrontation and several popular uprisings in the early 14th century, the Archbishop returned to the townspeople part of the administrative and managerial power, and the city became a protectorate of France.
During the Hundred Years' War, Lyon was almost destroyed, and a plague later claimed more than a third of its population.
During the First French Revolution, the city opposed the new government, so Lyon first experienced a long siege, followed by revolutionary pogroms and destruction.
The economic revival of the region began in the early 19th century thanks to the support of the then Emperor of France Napoleon Bonaparte.
Today, 427 hectares of the city or one tenth of it are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. These are Old Lyon, the hill of Fourviere, the slopes of Croix-Rousse and most of the Presq'uile.
If Paris is the capital of France, then Lyon is the capital of the provinces ©
Exploring the city begins with Fourviere , popularly known as the "Prayer Hill". You can get up by cable car, but someone is not looking for easy ways, so I go up on foot))
A slight frost on a yellow leaf reminds of December. 
I admire the frosty patterns.
Planes flying in the sky leave a long mark. 
Нарешті кудись видряпалася ))
Fourviere metal tour. The Fourvier Metal Tower or the Lyon "Eiffel Tower" (more precisely, an exact copy of its third level) was built in 1892-1894. The height of the tower is 85.9 m. At the beginning of the 20th century there was an elevator, a restaurant and an observatory. It now functions as an antenna and is closed to visitors.
Interestingly, the Fourviere Tower ideologically "balances" the neighboring Basilica, because at one time Republicans were dissatisfied with the construction of the cathedral and it was from their supply that the building grew, which is a model of civic architecture.
Basilique Notre-Dame de Fourviere . The main cathedral of Lyon was built between 1872 and 1896. It combines neo-Byzantine and Romanesque styles by architect Pierre-Marie Bossan.
The history of the construction of the cathedral begins in 1643, when the plague raged in the region. The people of Lyon pray to the Virgin Mary for the protection of the city. The epidemic soon stopped, and the Lyons built a small church on top of a hill and lit candles of thanksgiving in the windows of their houses. 
In 1852, a statue of the Virgin Mary was erected on the top of the church.
Lions also approach the windows of their homes and light candles. By the way, then the tradition of the annual Fete des Lumieres was born.
History of 1643 repeated in 1870, only instead of the plague on Lyon pushed the Prussian army. Paris has already fallen. Enemies are advancing south. The Lyons turn to the Virgin Mary again. And in a few days Bismarck's army returns. And grateful residents begin to raise funds for the construction of the cathedral. 
The basilica consists of lower and upper temples. The entrance to both is on the square, the stairs of one go down, the other - go up. The lower church is dedicated to Joseph, the husband of Mary.
It should be noted that the whole building of the basilica is deeply symbolic.
The architect saw in this division the necessary path for the believer, which passes from the low and dark room, which symbolizes the Old Testament, to the large and bright building, which is the embodiment of the New Testament. 
On the walls of the stairs are prayers to Mary in different languages. 
Українська також у тренді ))
Entrance to the lower temple:
Gifts from other parishes are displayed around the perimeter of the church. Here is Mary from Turkey, and the Virgin from Africa, and the Japanese version of the Mother of God with her son.
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An amazing place that has the same special energy that makes you stop, sit down and think about eternity.
Near the basilica there is another unusual place where you can make a wish and tie a ribbon on a branch of an olive tree.
That's why I'm conducting an investigative experiment - I'll make a wish and now I'm waiting for it to be fulfilled: )) 
In theory, the esplanade of the basilica offers a panoramic view of the entire city. From here you can see the stormy Ron, the lust of the Son and the quarters of the Old City. And in the background rise the mountain ranges of the Alps.
In practice, the views of the city are immersed in the milk of mist. 
The top of the basilica sank in the same fog.
Let's continue walking on Fourviere Hill. 
Local)) 
The theater was excavated in the 19th century. Nowadays, the Les Nuits de Fourviere festival is held here every year.
Performances, concerts and film screenings take place on the ancient stage. "img alt =" "src =" https://scontent. fiev3-1. fna. fbcdn. net/v/t1.0-9/p960x960/79693848_2648702228528410_4251533859398615040_o.jpg?
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Odeon of Lyon. A small theater called the Odeon was built about 100 BC. e. Holding about 3 thousand spectators. Mostly public readings and concerts were held here. 
Musee & Theaters romains was founded in 1975. The exposition consists of archeological finds obtained as a result of excavations in Lyon and its environs. The museum is interestingly located - like in the mountains, and panoramic windows overlook the local Colosseum. 
I go down and find myself in the Old Town, the historic part of Lyon, located along the banks of the Sonia in front of the hill Fourviere. 
Vieux Lyon divided into three quarters: Saint-Paul with the church of the same name, which was the center of commerce and finance,
Saint-Jean with the majestic Cathedral - an area of clergy and aristocracy and Saint-Georges , which was the center of artisans and weaving factories.
Eglise Saint-Georges. The district's main church dates back to the 6th century and is considered one of the oldest in Lyon. The history of the temple can not be called simple - it was repeatedly destroyed, rebuilt, and at one time even used as a storehouse for hay. In its modern form, this majestic Gothic building has adorned the 16th-century Sonya promenade. 
I wander the streets of the Old Town:
Maison du soleil dated 1723.
, the house got its name from the image of the golden sun on a blue background between the first and second floors 
Getting to know the unique Lyon phenomenon - Traboules (трабуль). These are hidden passages that connect the streets through the interiors of houses and courtyards. Their name comes from the Latin "trans ambulare", which means "to pass through".
There are different types of trabules: from simple, connecting two streets, to the most complex multi-storey mazes. These hidden treasures of the Renaissance contain many architectural attractions: spiral staircases, facades and galleries. To date, of the approximately 500 known trabules, only 80 are open to the general public.
The history of some of the old town's trabules dates back to the 4th century, when these passages were used to descend the river.
In addition, thanks to such labyrinths, Lyons escaped from enemies during numerous revolutions and wars.
The entrance to the trabul is no different from the usual entrance to the house.
Inside are numerous stairs and a small courtyard. 
And exit to the next street.
Place Saint-Jean : 
The fog gradually dissipates and the outlines of the Basilique Notre-Dame de Fourviere appear on the mountain. 
The undisputed dominant of the square is the Cathedrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste .
Is it similar to the famous Notre Dame de Paris? 
The main temple of Lyon, built in the 15th century, is a fusion of Gothic and Romanesque styles. Materials extracted from the ruins of ancient Roman buildings were used for its construction. 
The temple was looted during the French Revolution. Restoration in the early 20th century. Has the status of a primitive church, the Archbishop of Lyons conducts worship in this temple. 
The cathedral has the world's oldest astronomical times, dating back to the 14th century. He eats several times a day, and at this time you can see puppet religious scenes at the top of the ancient device.
Before Christmas, small nativity scenes made of miniature figurines called "santon" appear in French churches. 
This tradition was born in Provence during the French Revolution. At that time, churches were closed and missions were not served, so believers built houses Christmas cribs of small figurines that could be quickly hidden. The clock has changed, the tradition remains. Santoni can now be purchased at numerous Christmas markets outside Provence. 
Log in to the following trabule:
And a small courtyard with elements of Gothic decoration: 
Place de la Basoche with three floors of surviving arcades, galleries and colonnades. In the guidebook, the building in the square belongs to the section "trabul", but it is closed to visitors. 
To be continued here:
Part 3. Trouble, claustrophobia and other joys
Part 4. Holiday of Light and Marriage Vocabulary
Croix-Rousse Hill and the Aesthetics of Working Architecture
Peninsula, evening city and unexpected worship
Part 7. Feast of Light, Student Works and El Salvador Dali < / p>
Part 8. Annecy - man and steamer city and lake in the Upper Savoy
Part 9. Feast of Light, Queues and Philosophical Reflections
