Germany is a kaleidoscope of epochs, politics and cultures. Part 2. Potsdam is a city of palaces and parks

07 January 2015 Travel time: with 10 august 2012 on 10 august 2012
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It was a very interesting trip to Potsdam - a city in eastern Germany with a population of about 16.000 people, which is the capital of the federal state of Brandenburg. Located on the Havel River and on the shores of several interconnected lakes, 20 km southwest of Berlin. The Marble Palace and the Cecilienhof are located on the shores of the Maiden's Lake (Jungfernsee).

Sometimes one event completely changes the importance of an object. So it was with the Cecilienhof Palace. There are many palaces in Germany, there are palaces bigger and more beautiful than that, but the Cecilienhof Palace is nonetheless special because it gained worldwide fame in 1945 as the venue for the Potsdam Conference of Winning Leaders. Therefore, one of the main purposes of visiting Potsdam was to visit the Cecilienhof Palace.


We approach the main entrance to the palace and begin to get acquainted with it. The palace is located in the northern part of the New Potsdam Garden, near Lake Jungfernsee. The last residence of the Hohenzollerns was built by Wilhelm II for the son of Crown Prince Wilhelm and his wife Cecilia Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The building, stylized as a medieval manor of rural England, was built in 1914-1917 by architect Paul Schulze-Naumburg. Interesting architectural decor - on the roof of the palace rises 55 pipes, some of which are real and some - decorative, but none of the pipes is similar to the other.

From July 17 to August 2.1945, a meeting of the leaders of the victorious states over Germany in World War II took place here. This was the third and final meeting of the "big three" of the anti-Hitler coalition. The first two took place in late 1943 in Tehran (Iran) and in early 1945 in Yalta (Soviet Union).

The purpose of the conference was to determine the political and economic future of defeated Germany, further steps in the postwar system of Europe, in solving postwar problems: the treatment of the German population, the punishment of war criminals.

The palace houses a hotel and a museum, where you can buy a ticket for 6 euros and go inside. In the diagram, the museum halls are marked in red, the cash desk and the museum shop are highlighted in blue.

Inside the palace are 176 rooms, 36 of which were set aside for the conference. Truman's office was in the former library of Friedrich Wilhelm, Churchill was in the next room, which served as the Crown Prince's office, and Stalin was in the corner room, and it looked rather austere. In the summer of 1945, the former Music Hall of Princess Cecilia became the study room of the Soviet delegation.

The heads of the victorious countries came to Cecilienhof only for negotiations, they lived in villas that have survived to this day, in the Potsdam district of Babelsberg.

In the main building there is a high (two floors) large hall 26 m long and 12 m wide. At the crown prince it was a living room with cozy furniture. Wooden walls, decorative wooden beams on the ceiling and large front windows decorated with caissons reflect the English style of the palace. The leaders of the three countries held talks in this largest hall. The flags correspond to the way the representatives of the participating states sat. It was at a conference in Cecilienhof that Truman ordered the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima by telephone.


Very beautiful stairs made of dark oak, which led to the private rooms of the Crown Prince, made in the style of "Danish Baroque" and given as a gift by the city of Danzig.

We leave the museum and go to see the palace outside. The most interesting is in the palace.

Different parts of the building are grouped around five courtyards: a large front yard in the center, a small garden yard - the Prince's Garden and three utility yards.

The lawn of the front yard is decorated with a flower bed in the shape of a red star, which was broken here by Soviet soldiers in preparation for the Potsdam Conference. It is still supported by the park administration.

You can not ignore the design of the palace! Everywhere beautiful flower beds and perfectly trimmed evergreen ornamental plants, mostly yew.

Today, the palace is sometimes used by the Brandenburg government for receptions. In November 2004, the palace was visited by Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain.

On May 30.2007, a meeting of the G8 foreign ministers took place in Cecilienhof.

The Cecilienhof Palace is run by the Berlin-Brandenburg Foundation of Prussian Palaces and Gardens and, together with the palaces and parks of Sanssouci in Potsdam, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990.

In the northern part of the park, on the shores of Lake Jungfernsee, is the pavilion "Grotto". For almost 30 years, Grotto stood in a closed border area, and it seems that the restorers have not yet reached the hands of this small building with three halls inlaid with shells.

Much more fortunate was his "comrade in misfortune, " who was also in the immediate vicinity of the GDR-West Berlin border, the complex of the former Royal Meierei Dairy Farm, built on the shores of the lake in 1792.

For more than half a century, the building stood abandoned, in 2003 it was put in order, and now there is a restaurant serving German cuisine with its own brewery.

Head to the Sanssouci Palace.


On the way to it there is another attraction - "Democratic Mill". There is a funny legend about it: when the Prussian King Frederick II 250 years ago began to build a magnificent palace of Sanssouci in Potsdam, he was hindered by an ancient mill, which deprived the monarch of the opportunity to build a house at his discretion. The king ordered the owner of the mill to move away and clear the desired land, but he flatly refused to comply with the royal order and even refused to accept monetary compensation. The king was shocked by such impudence and ordered to expel the miller by force, but he ...

appealed to the court, where he stated the following: "This mill belonged to my great-grandfather, he inherited it from me, and got it quite legally. In addition, the building of the royal palace interferes with the flow of air, which has a very bad effect on the operation of my mill and reduces my income.

And, in the end, the king himself guaranteed his subjects a declaration of a fair trial. The outcome of the case was more than instructive: after deliberation, the judges decided in favor of the "little German", and His Majesty the King could not do anything. During the battles for Potsdam in April 1945, the palace building survived, but the gallery with the windmill burned down. In 1993 it was rebuilt and equipped with a new mill post.

We enter the Palace of Sanssouci - "Prussian Versailles" - the most famous palace in Potsdam, the summer residence of the Prussian King Frederick II, built in the Rococo style in 1745-1747 by the king himself.

Together with the huge park, the palace is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. At the entrance we are greeted by costumed controllers in the style of ancient palace clothes.

On the pediment of the palace is the inscription "Sans, souci. ", Which translated from French means" without worries ".

Friedrich pointed to the burial chamber under construction and explained, "Only when I'm here will I be without worries. " Inside, the "carefree" palace is really small - it has only 12 rooms. Five of them were occupied by the king himself, others were appointed very honored guests.

By the way, Sanssouci was not only "carefree", but also exclusively men's housing. Neither the king's wife nor the female guests ever lived in the palace. The clergy were also barred from entering.


Here in the bosom of nature, enjoying the beautiful views from the windows of the palace, the Prussian king dreamed of spending the summer months without worries, indulging in his hobbies and artistic inclinations and engaged in public affairs. A large part of the lower ground floor is occupied by a large bowl of a fountain, built in 1745.

Elegant openwork pavilions stand on both sides of the palace.

The famous views of the gardens in Sanssouci appeared due to the decision of Frederick the Great on August 10.1744 to break the vineyard terraces on the southern slopes of the Bornstedt hills. Oaks used to grow on these hills, but under "Soldier King" Friedrich Wilhelm I they were cut down and used to strengthen the swampy soils in Potsdam under construction. The central part of the wide terraces, broken on the hillside, was deepened to make the most of sunlight.

On the wallpaper hung a vine brought from Portugal, Italy, France, and in 168 glazed niches grew figs. A long staircase of 132 steps, crossing 6 vineyard terraces, connects the park and the Palace of Sanssouci. The vineyards of Sanssouci form the core of the park, which is topped by a small castle, which Frederick the Great called his "little vineyard house. "

It seems that the sculptors have never seen a single Chinese man and, having narrowed the eyes of all the characters, left the rest of the facial features completely European.

The main alley begins at the eastern edge of the park, passes the Sanssouci Palace and the Grand Fountain and abuts the New Palace, which was founded in Sanssouci in 1763 immediately after the Seven Years' War. The luxurious three-story building has become a summer royal residence.

Lush receptions and balls were held here, after which guests rested in the greenhouse.

Walking Sanssouci, you involuntarily catch yourself thinking that such beauty and splendor could be created only by happy and in love with life. In San Susa, time flies imperceptibly, here you can endlessly enjoy the peace and quiet, the splendor of nature and the amazing works of human hands. Life here is really "carefree".


Even before the construction of the palace, Friedrich ordered to place a burial chamber on the upper terrace of the hill, where he was to be buried after his death (he originally wanted to be buried in Rheinsberg). Once walking along the upper terrace, King Frederick II the Great died and was buried under this tombstone in Sanssouci, his favorite place he created and became one of the most beautiful places in Germany.

A cursory tour of Sanssouci is over and we head for the exit. Next to him in 1845-1854.

with the personal participation of the king, the church of Fridenskirche was built, which we pass. An example of a temple with a separate 42-meter bell tower was the early Christian Roman basilica.

As the park is directly adjacent from the west to the historic center of Potsdam, the palace and park complex has another entrance from the city through an open green gate with a royal monogram, through which we enter the city.

Potsdam was founded in the 10th century (the first mention dates back to 993) on the site of the village of Slavik by the Baltic Slavs and received the Slavic name "Let's approach", which means "place on a hillside". It acquired the status of a city in 1317. It remained a small town for a long time. The fate of Potsdam changed dramatically when Frederick William I, who received the nickname "King Soldier", ascended the Prussian throne in 1713 and turned Potsdam into a garrison city.

The sharp increase in population demanded the expansion of the city as soon as possible.

Potsdam is associated with the symbolic beginning of the Third Reich. March 21.1933, the day that went down in German history as "Potsdam Day", the garrison church hosted the first meeting of the new Reichstag, which was attended by Reich Presidents Paul von Hindenburg, Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler.

At this meeting, after the swearing-in of Reich Chancellor Hitler, the historic handshake of Hindenburg and Hitler took place, symbolizing the Reichswehr's connection with National Socialism. To this day, this church is not destined to survive: during the air raid on Potsdam on April 14.1945, the garrison church burned down during a fire.

Four long straight and almost parallel streets intersect at different angles with several identical straight streets.


Some of these streets rest on the former city gates, of which three of the five have survived in Potsdam. Nauen Gate - a favorite meeting place of Potsdam, is a great example of neo-Gothic English style.

Nauen Gate leads to the original Dutch Quarter of Potsdam, where it is very pleasant to walk. The desire to build the most powerful state in Europe required more and more resources.

Therefore, the king-soldier invites to the heart of his kingdom, in the city of Potsdam, Dutch Protestants - the best artisans of mainland Europe. For them, he commissioned the construction of an entire town, reminiscent of their native Holland, which was built in 1733-1740 in the city center located 134 red brick houses, divided by two streets into four blocks. The quarter is bounded by the Nauen Gate and the Church of Peter and Paul.

The most solemn Brandenburg Gate, built in 1770 in memory of the Seven Years' War and made in the form of a triumphal arch, because it was through them that the king passed from the city to his summer residence Sanssouci.

From the gate begins a beautiful pedestrian Brandenburger Strasse - the main street of Potsdam. This is a street of shops: from shoes, clothes to bread, ice cream. Next to this gate is a red brick building - a former barracks of the Uhlan Guards.

Here is the information and tourist office, in front of which is such an exhibition.

The entrance to one of the restaurants is decorated with a sculptural composition by a local family.

Brandenburger Strasse ends near the Church of Saints Peter and Paul - the first major Catholic church in Potsdam. The eclectic church, which combines Gothic, Romanesque and Byzantine elements of style, was built in 1867-1870.


Under Frederick the Great, the palace became the winter residence of the Prussian kings. The palace was badly damaged during the bombing in 1945 and destroyed in 1961. In 2002, the Fate Gate was restored to its original historic position, which was the first step in the reconstruction of the palace. Today, the dome of the Church of Nicholas, built in 1837 in the classical style, dominates the Old Market Square. This was the last work of Karl Friedrich Schinkel, who designed the building, but did not live to see its completion.

The building was completed by his students Friedrich August Stü ller and Ludwig Perzius.

The city even has a small village with a typical Russian name "Alexandrovka" - a village built in 1826-1827 in the northern part of Potsdam by decree of King Frederick William III of Prussia for the last twelve singers of the Russian Soldiers' Choir, bought for the entertainment of the court. Today their descendants live in it. Near the Russian village on Mount Kapellenberg is built by the colonists Alexander Nevsky Orthodox Church.

It is worth noting that the "garrison" city of Potsdam actually remained until the end of the XX century, because until the early 1990s in Potsdam was located, although "limited", but a very large contingent of the Soviet Group in Germany.

This is not surprising if we remember that during the GDR, Potsdam was a border town, and the same memorial wall ran along its border, and a large area along the wall was a restricted border area.

Today Potsdam is one of the most popular cities for tourists, primarily known as the city of palaces and parks. The World Heritage Site in Potsdam covers about 500 hectares of parkland, includes 150 buildings built between 1730 and 1916. The Berlin-Potsdam Cultural Landscape is the largest UNESCO World Heritage Site in Germany.

Translated automatically from Ukrainian. View original
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На берегу Девичьего озера (Юнгфернзее)
Дворец Цецилиенхоф
Вход в дворец Цецилиенхоф
План дворца Цецилиенхоф
Рабочая комната советской делегации
Большой зал дворца
Красивая лестница из тёмного дуба
Дворец снаружи
Один из пяти дворов дворца
Цветочная клумба в форме красной звезды
Фонтан посередине клумбы на территории дворца
Подстриженные вечнозеленые декоративные насаждения
Павильон «Грот» на берегу озера Юнгфернзее
Ресторан немецкой кухни с собственной пивоварней
“Демократическая мельница”
Вход в Дворец Сан-Суси
Дворец Сан-Суси
Большая чаша фонтана
Ажурный павильон
Виноградные террасы Сан-Суси
Большой фонтан
Мраморная статуя вокруг Большого фонтана
Монумент вокруг Большого фонтана
Парк Сан-Суси
Новые палаты и крылья ветряной мельницы
Главная аллея
Одна из скульптур парка вдоль аллеи
Скульптура посреди цветочной клумбы
Сицилианский сад
В Сицилианском саду
Зелёный туннель вокруг клумбы
Китайский чайный домик
Китайский чайный домик
Новый дворец в Сан-Суси
Тишь да гладь, царящие в Сан-Суси
Могильная плита короля Фридриха II в Сан-Суси
Церковь Фриденскирхе с 42-метровой колокольней
Ажурные зелёные ворота с королевским вензелем
Триумфальные ворота города Подсдам
Науэнские ворота
В Голландском квартале
Бранденбургские ворота Потсдама
Бывшие казармы гвардейских уланов
Экспозиция перед информационно-туристическим офисом
Скульптурная композиция местного семейства
Церковь святых Петра и Павла
Охотничьи ворота
Обелиск на месте ворот Нового города
Купол церкви Николаса над Старой Рыночной площадью
В деревушке “Александровка”
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